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Physics 1nd Year
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Past paper Chapter Wise
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) One year is equal to
(a) 3.2 x 107
s (b) 8.6 x 104 s (c)
3.2 x 104 s (d) 5 x 1017
s
2) LT² is dimensional formula for
(a)
Velocity (b)
Force (c)
Acceleration (d) Momentum
3) Supplementary units are
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Five
4) 73.650 rounded off upto one decimal is
(a) 73.6 (b)
73.65 (c) 74.00 (d) None
5) Light year is a unit of
(a) Time (b) Distance
(c) Light
(d) Velocity
6) Significant figures in 0.111846 are
(a) Three (b) Four
(c) Six
(d)
Seven
7) The SI unit of
solid angle is
(a) Degree (b)
Radian (c) Sterdian (d) Candela
8) The dimensions of force is
(a) MLT (b) MLT¯¹ (c) ML¯¹T¯¹ (d) MLT¯²
9) Dimensions for acceleration due to gravity is
(a) MLT¯² (b) MLT (c) LT¯²
(d) MºLT¯²
10) The dimensions of moment of inertia are
(a) ML² (b) ML²
(c) ML (d) None
11) What is number of significant figures in measurement
recorded as 8.70 x 104 Kg?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 7
12) The dimensions of gravitational constant G is
(a) M1
L 3T-1 (b) M -1L 3T-2 (c) M 2L1T-3 (d) M -2L -1T-3
13) The SI unit of time is
(a) 60 min (b) cesium Sec. (c) Krypton-86 (d) 60 Sec.
14) Basic
component of computer chip is
(a) Selenium (b) Cadmium (c) Glass (d) Silicon
15) One pico is equal to
(a) 1012 (b) 10-6 (c)
10-9
(d) 10-12
16) Steradian is a unit of
(a) Radius (b) Plane angle (c) Solid angle (d) None
17) Which of the following is a derived unit?
(a) Ampere
(b) Candela
(c) kelvin (d)
Pascal
18) A light is unit for
(a) Intensity of light (b) Time (c) Distance (d) Velocity
19) Which of the following pair has same dimensions?
(a) Work and power (b) Momentum and velocity (c) Work and torque (d) Power and pressure
20) Which of the
following is a base unit?
(a) Joule (b) Newton
(c) Mole (d)
Centigrade
21) Number of colors used in color printing to produce
entire range of colors
(a) Four (b) five
(c) Six (d) Seven
22) One dyne is
equal to
(a) 10-5 N (b) 105 N (c) 103 N (d) 10-3 N
23) Solid angle subtended at the center of the sphere is
(a) 2л (b) 4л
(c) 6л (d) 8л
24) One Femto is equal to
(a) 10-13
(b) 10-12 (c)
10-14
(d) 10-15
25) The ratio of dimensions of power to work is
(a) L:T (b) T:L
(c) L:T2 (d) T2:L
26) Significant figures in 0.00567 are
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
27) The
dimensions of gravitational constant G is
(a) M L-1T-1 (b) MLT-1 (c) ML-2T-1 (d) MLT
Q-2. Write short answers of the following questions
1) Give draw backs
to use the period of a pendulum as time standard.
2) Write the
dimensions of (i) Pressure (ii) Density
3) Distinguish b/w
base units and derive units.
4) Define radians
and steradian.
5) The period of a
simple pendulum is measured by a stop watch. What types of errors are possible
6) Name the two
physical quantities, which have same dimensional formula. Write dimensions also.
7) Name the several repetitive phenomena occurring in
nature which could be serve as
reasonable
time standard.
8) Does dimension
analysis give any information on constant of proportionality that may appear in algebraic
expression.
Explain.
9) How many nano
seconds are in one year?
10) Why do we find it useful to have two units for amount
of a substance, the kilogram? and mole?
11) Show that vf = vi + at is
dimensionally correct.
12) Show that E = mc2 is dimensionally
correct.
13) Differentiate b/w random error and systematic error.
14) What do you mean by scientific notation?
15) Define physics.
16) Differentiate b/w precise measurement and accurate
measurement.
17) Find the dimensions and SI unit of coefficient of
viscosity.
18) Write down the uses of dimensional analysis.
19) What is systematic error? What is procedure to reduce
them?
20) Find the dimensions of coefficient of viscosity in
the relation of Stokes law.
21) What are the base units? Name all of them.
22) Write down the unit and dimensions of G.
Q-3 (a). State
and explain the significant figure.
(5)
(b).
Add the following masses given in kg upto appropriate precision. 2.189,
0.089,11.8 and 5.32 (3)
Q- 4 (a)
Distinguish b/w precision and accuracy with examples. (5)
(b).
The length and width of a rectangular plate are measured to be 15.3 cm and
12.80 cm respectively. Find the area of the plates. (3)
Q-5 (a)
Define errors. Describe types of errors. How errors are reduced? (5)
(b) The wavelength λ of a wave depends upon the
speed v of the wave and its frequency f.
Knowing
that [λ] = [L], [v] = [LT¯¹], [f] = [T¯¹].
Decide which of the following is correct, f
= vλ or f = v/λ (3
Ch # 02 Vectors and Equilibrium
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the following.
1) At what angle
the two vectors of the same magnitude have to be orientared , if they were to
be combined
to give a
resultant to equal a vector of same magnitude?
(a) 720 (b)
600 (c) 360 (d) 1200
2) Condition of complete equilibrium is satisfied if
(a) ∑ τ = 0 (b) ∑ F = 0 (c) ∑ τ = 0 and ∑ F = 0 (d) Angular Momentum is zero.
3) What is angle b/w tow vectors is A= 5i+j and B= 2i+4j
(a) 660 (b) 520 (c) 250 (d) 330
4) the cross product of vector A with itself has
magnitude :
(a) A (b)
0 (c) A2 (d) None
5) If Fx= 2N and Fy= 2N the vector
F is inclined with X-axis at
(a) 900 (b) 600 (c) 450 (d) 00
6) If a vector A is along X-axix then its Y-component
will be
(a) A Sinϴ (b) A Cosϴ (c)
A Tanϴ (d) Zero
7) If F=2i +3j and d= 4i+4j the work done is
(a) 13 J (b) 18J (c) 20 J (d) 24 J
8) If 2nd condition equilibrium is satisfied
then body will be in
(a) Rot.Equilbrium
(b) Static Equilbrium
(c) Dynamic Equilbrium (d) Complete Equilbrium
9) The X-componet of a force is 10 N acting along
horizontal,will be
(a) 5J (b) 10J (c) 15 J
(d) 20 j
10) The magnitude of rectangular componets of a vector
are equal if its angle with x-axis
(a) 900 (b) 300 (c) 450 (d) 00
11) If Rx and Ry both are negative
then direction of resultant vector lies in
(a) 1st quadrant (b) 2nd quadrant (c) 3 rd quadrant (d) 4th quadrant
12) If Rx is negative and Ry
component is positive , the directionof resultant R will be
ϴ=Φ (b) ϴ= 1800 - Φ
(c) 1800 + Φ (d) 3600 - Φ
13) The cross product of (k x j) is equal to
(a) i
(b) j
(c)
k (d) -i
14) If a vector A is along X-axix then its Y-component
will be
(a) A Sinϴ (b) A Cosϴ (c) A Tanϴ
(d) Zero
15) The magnitude
of i .(j x k) is equal to
(a) i (b) 0 (c)
1 (d) -1
16) Scalar product
of two vectors is maximum when they are
(a) Parallel (b) Antiparallel (c) Perpendicular (d)
None
17) When two vectors are antiparallel, the angle between
them is
(a) Zero (b) 600 (c) 900 (d)
1800
18) Reverse process of vector addition is called
(a) Subtraction of vectors (b) Resolution of vectors (c) Negative vector (d) None
19) The magnitude
of dot product and cross product is equal when angle between them is
(a) (a) Zero
(b) 600 (c)
900 (d) 1800
20) A single
vector which has same effect as all the original vectors taken together is
(a)
Unit vector (b) Position vector (c) Resultant vector (d) Null vector
21) r = ai + bj +
ck
(a) Unit vector (b) Position vector (c) Null vector (d) None
22) A x A is
(a)
A (b) 2A
(c) Zero (d) A²
23) If A = 2i + j + 2k the
(a) Zero (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5
24) If | a +b | = | a + b | the angle b/w a and b is
(a)
90º (b) 0º
(c) 180º
(d) 45º
25) Reverse process of vector addition is called
(a) Subtraction of vectors (b) Resolution of vectors (c) Negative vector (d) None
26) The magnitude of the vector A = 2/3i + 1/3j + 2/3k is
(a) Zero (b) One (c) Three (d) 1/9
27) The dot
product of i.i = j.j = k.k is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) I²
28) The resultant of two forces 30 N and 40 N acting at
an angle of 90º with each other is
(a) 30 N (b) 40 N (c) 50 N (d) 70 N
29) Which of the following is a vector quantity?
(a) Power (b) Inertia
(c) Entropy
(d) Velocity
30) The distance b/w the points P (-2, -3) and Q (3, 9)
is
(a) 13 Units (b) 12 Units
(c) 23 Units (d) 10 Units
31) If B = 4i + 5k the magnitude will be
(a) 9 (b) 7
(c) 3 (d)
32) The dot product of two vectors is equal to the
product of their magnitude if angle b/w them is
(a) 900 (b) 00 (c) 1800 (d) 450
33) Dot product of a vector with itself is
(a) A2 (b) 2A
(c) A (d) 0
34) A vector in space has the components
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
Q-2. Write short answers of the following
questions.
1) Can a body
rotate under the action of its weight?
2) What do you
understand by positive and negative torque?
3) Can you add
zero to null vector?
4) Can the
magnitude of a vector have negative value?
5) If one of the
rectangular component is not zero, can its magnitude be zero? Explain.
6) What are
rectangular components..
7) Define (i) position vector (ii) Unit vector.
8) What is the
unit vector in the direction of the vector A = 4i + 3 j ?
9) Under what
circumstances would a vector have components that are equal in magnitude
10) A force F = 2i + 3j units, has its point of
application moved from point A (1, 3) to the
point B (5, 7).
Find the work
done.
11) Define the multiplication of a vector by a scalar.
12) Differentiate between static and dynamic equilibrium.
13) In which quadrant a vector lies if (i) both of its
components have same value (ii) opposite value.
14) Name two different conditions that could make A1 x A2
=0
15) How can we subtract the vectors?
16) Define torque? Write its unit and dimensions.
17) Prove that commutative law holds good in the addition
of vectors.
18) You are
falling off the edge. What should you do to avoid falling,
19) Name three different conditions that could make A1 x A2 =0
20) If all components of vectors A1 and A2 were reversed,
how would this alter A1 x A2=?
21) Why do you keep your legs far apart when you have to
stand in the aisle of bumpy riding bus?
22) Is it possible to add scalar quantity to a vector
quantity?
Q-3 (a).
Define and explain vector product of two vectors with examples Give its
any four characteristics.
(b).
Find the angle b/w the two vectors A = 5i + j and B = 2i + 4j.
Q- 4 (a)
Describe the method of addition of vector by rectangular components?
(b).
Given that A = I -2j +3k and B = 3i – 4k, find the projection of A on B.
Q-5 (a)
What is torque? Calculate torque due to force acting on a rigid
body.
(b) The magnitude of dot and cross products of
two vectors are 6√3 and 6 respectively.
Find
the angle b/w them.
Ch # 03 Motion and
Force
Q-1. Encircle the
correct answer of the following.
1) The area under force and displacement curve
is equal to
(a) Power (b) Work (c) Torque (d) Momentum
2) Choose the
quantity referring to liner motion that corresponds to moment of inertia in
rotational
(a) Mass (b) K.E (c)
Acceleration (d) Momentum
3) The range of
the projectile is same for angles of projection
(a) 300, 450 (b) 450,
600 (c)
500, 450 (d) 300, 600
4) A brick of
mass 20 Kg is dropped from a rest position 5 cm above the ground. Its velocity
at a height of
3 cm
above the ground will be
(a) 3.6 m/s (b) 8.6 m/s (c) 6.3 m/s (d) 7.8 m/s
5) A ball is
thrown above the horizon making an angle of 300 .The height attained
by the 11.5 m. The
launching velocity of the ball is
(a) 20 m/s (b) 60 m/s (c) 30 m/s (d) 45 m/s
6) A ball is
allowed to fall freely from certain height . It covers a distance in first
second equal to
(a) 2 g (b) 1 g (c) g/2 (d) None
7) Newton’s 1st
law of motion is also called
(a) Law of velocity (b) Law of inertia (c) Law of force (d) Law of acceleration
8) Area under velocity time graph represents:
(a) Speed (b) Momentum (c) Velocity (d) Distance Covered
9) The equation
of motions are not useful for objects moving with:
(a) Uniform velocity (b) Uniform acceleration (c) Variable velocity (d) Variable acceleration
10) During a
projectile motion, if maximum height is equal to horizontal range then the
angle of
projection with the horizontal will be
(a) 450 (b) 63.40 (c) 71.50 (d) 760
11) Rocket
equation is given as
(a) a = M/mv (b) a = Mv/m (c) a = mv/M (d) a = m/Mv
12) Motion of
projectile is
(a) One dimension (b) Two dimension (c) Three dimension (d) Four dimension
13) For maximum
range the angle of projection must be
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900
14) If the range
of projectile is half to its maximum range, the angle of projection is
(a) 300 (b) 22.50 (c) 150 (d) 450
15) When a ball
is thrown straight up, the acceleration at its highest point is
(a) Upward (b) Downward (c) Zero (d) Horizontal
16) Change in
momentum is also called
(a) Force (b)
Acceleration (c)
Torque (d) Impulse
17) Horizontal range of a projectile is
(a)
Equal to height (b) one fourth of
height
(c) One half of height (d) Double of
height
18) Ballistic
missiles are of
(a) Short range (b) Long range (c) Fixed range (d) Infinite range
19) The area b/w
velocity time graph and the time axis is numerically equal to
(a)
Speed of object (b) Distance covered by the object
(c) Average velocity of the object (d) Acceleration of the object
20) Laws of
motions are not valid which is
(a) Moving with uniform velocity (b) At rest
(c) Isolated (d)
Non - Inertial
21) Horizontal
range of projectile is related with maximum range according to following
relation
(a) R = Rmax Sin2θ (b) Rmax = R Sin2θ (c) Rmax = R /Sin2θ (d) None
22) The SI unit of momentum is
(a) Ns (b) Nm (c)
Kgms¯² (d)
Joule
23) The mass of
the object is a quantitative measure of its
(a) Acceleration (b) Inertia (c)
Momentum (d) Work
24) A body is
moving with uniform velocity the in its acceleration is
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Maximum (d) Zero
25) The component
of velocity that remains constant during the projectile motion is
(a) Vertical component (b) Horizontal component (c) Both A and B (d) initial Component
26) The unit of
Kgms-2 can also be written as
(a) Ns (b) N
(c) Js (d) N/s
27) For which
pair of angles the range of projectile are equal:
(a) 200,
300 (b) 700, 200 (c) 600, 400 (d) 500,
100
28) For typical
rocket, how much mass of the rocket is in the form of fuel
(a) 60% (b) 50%
(c) 80% (d) 100%
29) The
trajectory of projectile is
(a) Circle (b) Parabola (c) Hyperbola (d) Straight line
30) The SI unit
of impulse is
(a) Ns (b) Nm
(c) Kgm/s (d)
Nm2
31) No body
begins to move or comes to rest of itself was given by
(a) Newton (b) Pascal (c) Bernouli (d) Bu Ali Sena
32) When mass of
the body is doubled then acceleration becomes
(a) Doubled (b) Half (c) One fourth (d) Constant
Q-2. Write short
answers of the following questions.
1) Prove that
area b/w velocity time graph and time axis is numerically equal to the distance
covered by
the object.
2) Why is it
useful to use safety helmet?
3) State Newton’s
Second and third law of motion.
4) Find the
change in momentum of an object subjected to given force for a given time.
Or Show that
force is the rate of change of linear momentum.
5) Derive an
expression for the range of projectile.
6) Find the
velocity of heavy body when it elastically collides with a stationary light
body.
7) Explain the
circumstances in which the velocity V and acceleration a of a car are
a. Parallel b. Anti-parallel c. perpendicular to one other
8) Motion with constant velocity is a special
case of motion with constant acceleration.
Is this statement is true?
9) Define impulse and show that how it is
related to momentum.
10) A cricket
ball is hit so that it travels straight up in air and acquires 3 seconds to
reach the maximum
height. Its initial velocity is :
(a) 10 m/s (b) 15 m/s (c) 29.4 m/s (d) 12.2 m/s
11) Explain the difference b/w elastic and
inelastic collision.
12) What is horizontal range? Write its formula.
13) Describe two uses of Ballistic missile.
14) Find the dimensional formula for (i) Impulse
(ii) Momentum
15) Is it possible for a body to have
acceleration when moving with a constant velocity?
16) Under what condition the velocity v is not
zero but acceleration a is zero of a moving car.
17) What is difference b/w uniform and variable
velocity?
18) At what point
or points in its path does a projectile have its minimum speed, its maximum
speed.
19) A 1500 kg car
has its velocity reduced from 20m/s to 15 m/s in 3.0 s. How large was the
average retarding acceleration?
20) Define instantaneous velocity and instantaneous
acceleration.
21) What is
ballistic missile and ballistic trajectory?
22) What is the
effect of speed of fighter plane chasing another when it opens a fire?
23) How would you
find the momentum of an explosive force? Explain with an example.
Q-3 (a).
Define linear momentum. Give its SI unit. State and prove the law of conservation of momentum.
(b). A football is thrown upward
with an angle of 30º with respect to horizontal. To throw a 40 m
pass what must be the initial
speed of ball?
Q- 4 (a)
What is projectile motion? A projectile is thrown with initial velocity vi
making angle θ with the horizontal.
Find (i) Maximum height (ii) Range of projectile
(b). Find the angle of
projection for which its maximum height and range are equal.
Q-5 (a) State
and explain elastic collision in one dimension. Discuss the case
(i) When masses of two balls are
equal. (ii) When light ball
collide with massive ball
(b)A truck weighing 2500 kg and
moving with a velocity of 21 m/s collides with stationary car
weighing 1000 kg. The truck and
car move together after the impact. Calculate their common velocity.
Ch # 04 Work and Energy
Q-1.
Encircle the correct answer of the following.
1) 1 KWh is a unit of
(a) Power (b) Energy
(c) Momentum (d)
Impulse
2) If 16 Joules
of work is done in 3 seconds then powered delivered is
(a) 6 watt (b) 3 watt
(c) 18 watt
(d) 2 watt
3) The area under
the force displacement graph represents:
(a) Work
done (b) Power
(c) Torque
(d) Acceleration
4) Work done is
maximum when the angle b/w force and displacement is:
(a) 00
(b) 450 (c) 900 (d)
1800
5) A solar cell
converts light energy into:
(a) Heat
energy (b) Chemical energy (c) electrical energy (d)
Atomic energy
6) If the
direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of motion of body, then
work done is
(a) Minimum (b) Maximum
(c) Zero
(d)
Infinity
7) The force
which can do no work on the body on which it act:
(a) Elastic
force (b) Frictional force (c) Centripetal force (d)
Gravitational force
8) Which one is
renewable source of energy:
(a) Coal (b) Natural gas (c) Sunlight
(d)
Uranium
9) Work is
negative when angle b/w force and displacement is :
(a) 00 (b) 450 (c) 900 (d)
1800
10) The energy
released by burning 1 liter of petrol is
(a) 1000 J (b) 7 x 105 J (c) 5 x 107 J (d)
4 x 105 J
11) Original
source of energy for biomass is
(a) Sun (b) Moon (c) Earth
(d)
Star
12) Which of the following is a non-conservative
force.
(a) Electric (b)
Magnetic (c) Frictional (d) Gravitational
13) The SI unit of power is
(a)
Joule (b) Watt (c) Newton (d)
Erg
14) Photocell converts light energy into
(a)
Chemical energy (b) heat energy (c) Nuclear energy (d) Electrical energy
15) Energy stored
in winding spring is
(a)
Elastic P.E. (b) K.E. (c) Solar energy (d)
Stellar energy
16) The value of
solar constant
(a)
0.14 kWm¯² (b) 1.0 kWm¯² (c) 4.1 kWm¯² (d)
1.4 kWm¯²
17) If the
direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of motion of body, then
work done is
(a)
Minimum (b)
Maximum (c) Zero (d)
Infinity
18) The SI unit
of work is
(a)
Erg (b)
Newton (c) Watt (d) Joule
19) The original source of tidal energy is
(a)
Moon (b) Earth (c) Sun (d) Sea
20) The
dimensional units of ratio of work and power is
(a)
J (b) T (c) L (d)
KWH
21) When sunlight
passes through atmosphere, its total energy reduces due to
(a)
Reflection by dust particles (b)
Scattering by dust particles
(c) Absorption by dust
particles (d) All of these
22) The value of
escape velocity is
(a)
11 kms¯¹ (b) 110 kms¯¹ (c) 0.11 kms¯¹ (d) 11.1 kms¯¹
23) When the
velocity of a body is doubled, its K.E become:
(a) Same (b)
Doubled (c) Four Times (d)
Half
24) kWm-2
is the unit of
(a) Power (b) Intensity (c) Energy (d) Energy per unit are
25) Which one of
the following is not a conservative force
(a) Gravitational
force (b) Frictional force (c) Electric force (d) Elastic spring
force
26) The unit of
solar light intensity is
(a) Watt (b) Kwm2 (c) Wattm-2 (d) J.m2
27) Work is
negative then angle b/w F and d is
(a) 00
(b) 450 (c) 900 (d)
1800
Q-2. Write short
answers of the following questions.
1) Define escape velocity and write its formula.
What are the factors on which escape velocity depends?
2) When an arrow is shot from its bow, it has
K.E.? From where does it get K.E.?
3) What is SI unit of power? Define it.
4)) Describe
negative work with example.
5) Calculate the work done in kilo joules in
lifting a mass of 10 kg through a vertical height of 10 m.
6) A brick of mass 2.0 kg is dropped from a rest
position 5.0 m above the ground. What is its velocity at a
height of 3.0 m above the ground?
7) An object has 1 J of P.E. Explain what does
it mean.
8) A girl drops a cup from certain height, which
beaks into pieces. What energy changes are involved?
9) A force of 400 N is required to overcome road
friction and air resistance in propelling an automobile
at 80 km/h. What power (KW) must the engine
develop?
10) Prove that P
= F. V.
11) Give any
three examples of non-conventional energy sources.
12) Describe work
energy principal.
13) Define
conservative force, give its one example.
14) State law of
conservation of energy.
15) Define the
term power and its SI unit.
16) How
electrical energy can be obtained by using tides?
17) Define KWh.
Show that 1 Kwh = 3.6 x 106 J.
18) How many most
common methods used for the conservation of biomass into fuel. Write their name
to follow a circular path.
19) How can we
gain energy from tides?
20) What are the
dimensions of power? Also define power.
21) What do you
mean by variable force? Give two examples.
Q-3 (a).
Define gravitational field. Show that work done in a gravitational field
is independent of the
path followed. Hence show that
work done in a closed path is zero
(b).
A 1000 kg automobile at the top of an incline 10.0 m high and 100 m long is
released and rolls
down the hill. What is its speed
at the bottom of incline if the average
retarding force due to
friction is 480 N?
Q- 4 (a) Discuss interconversion of potential and
kinetic energies in the presence of
friction.
(b). A 70 kg man runs up a long
stairs in 4 s. The vertical height of stairs is 4.5 m. Calculate his
power.
Q-5 (a) What
is absolute potential energy? Calculate the value absolute potential
energy in the
gravitational field?
(b) Ten bricks, each 6 cm thick and mass 1.5 kg,
lie flat on the table. How much work is
required to
stack them one the top of
another?
Ch # 05 Circular Motion
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) One complete
round trip of a vibrating body is called
(a) Time
period (b) frequency (c) Vibration (d) Amplitude
2) A rotating body
in a circler of radius of 1.0 m with angular speed 10 rad/s has
tangential
velocity
(a) 2.0
m/s (b) 5.0 m/s (c) 10 m/s (d) 20 m/s
3) The moment of
inertia of ring or hoop is
(a) mr² (b) 2/5 mr² (c) ½ mr² (d) m²r
4) Moment of inertia is measured in
(a) Kgm² (b) kgm¯² (c) N.s (d) rad/s
5) The angular momentum L is defined by the equation
(a) L =
mv (b) L = r x F (c) L = p x r (d) L = r x p
6) The value of orbital radius for geostationary
satellite is
(a) 4.23 x 104
km (b) 4.23 x 10² km (c) 4.23 x 104 m (d) None
7) The average
angular velocity is defined as
(a) <ω>
= θt (b) <ω>
=θt¯¹ (c) <ω> =
θt¯² (d) <ω> = tθ¯¹
8) The time rate of change of angular displacement is
called
(a) Linear
velocity (b) Angular velocity (c) Angular speed (d) None
9) The ratio of moment of inertia of disk and hoop is
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/4 (d) 1
10) The SI unit for angular displacement is equal to
(a) Meter (b) Degree (c) Radian (d) Revolution
11) The apparent weight of a man of mass 50 kg in a lift
moving upward with an acceleration 0f 9.8 m/s will be
(a) 980 N (b) 580 N (c) 490 N (d) Zero
12) What happened
to the moment of inertia od thin rod when its length is doubled?
(a) 1/12 ML2 (b) 1/3 ML2 (c) ML2 (d) 1/6 ML2
13) A hoop and a
sphere of same mass and radius are rolled from top of an inclined plane, Vh
and Vs are velocities of hoop and sphere
(a) Vh
> Vs (b) Vh
< Vs (c) Vh
= Vs (d) Vh
= 2 Vs
14) The dimensions of angular acceleration are:
(a) [ LT-1] (b) [ T -2 ] (c) [ T -2] (d) [ T 3 ]
15) The minimum velocity necessary to put a sattlite into
orbit os
(a) 7.1 Kms-1 (b) 7.3 Kms-1 (c) 7.9 Kms-1 (d) 8.9 Kms-1
16) When a diver changes his body position during
jumping, which of the following
quantities remains constant?
(a) Moment of inertia
(b) Angular Momentum (c)
Angular Velocity (d) Linear Momentum
17) The waves used in communication satellites are :
(a) Radio waves (b) Micro Waves (c) Infra Red waves (d) Ultraviolet waves
18) A body is moving in a circle under centripetal force F.
If its linear velocity and radius both are made
are made
twice
(a) Fc (b) Fc/2 (c) 2Fc (d) 4Fc
19) The angular displacement of one revolution is equal
to:
(a) 1 Radian
(b) π Radian (c) π/2 Radian (d) 2π Radian
20) The apparent
weight of a man in a lift moving down with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s2.
(a) Zero
(b) Infinite (c) 19.6 N (d) 9.8 N
21) SI unit of angular displacement is
(a) Meter (b) Degree (c) Revolution (d) Radian
22) The angular momentum is given
(a) m W (b) w x r (c) r x F (d) r x P
23) One Geo Stationary satellite covers a longitude of
(a) 2700 (b) 1200 (c) 900 (d) 3600
24) If angular velocity of particle rotating in a circle
is doubled then its moment of inertia
(a) Remains Same (b) Becomes Half (c) Becomes Doubled (d) Becomes 4 times
25) The height of a geostationary satellite above the
equator is
(a) 6.4 x 106 m (b) 3.6 x 107 m (c) 3.6 x 10-7
m (d) 6 x 1024 m
26) International Telecommunication Satellite
Organization operates at microwave frequency of
(a) 4, 6, 8 & 10 Hz (b) 4, 6, 11 & 14 Hz (c) 4, 6, 8 & 12 Hz (d) 4,8,11 & 16 Hz
27) Weight of 60 Kg man in moving elevator downward with
constant acceleration of 1/2g ( g =10 ms-2)
(a) zero
(b) 600 N (c) 300 N (d)
200 N
28) Weight of the body at the center of the earth is
(a) Minimum
(b) Maximum (c) Zero
(d) Infinite
29) Satellites are the objects that orbit around the
(a) Moon
(b) Sun (c) Earth (d) Star
30) The SI unit of angular momentum is
(a) J.S-2 (b) J.S-1 (c) J.S (d) J.m
31) The dimensions of angular velocity are:
(a) [ LT-1] (b) [ T -2 ] (c) [ L -1T ] (d) [ T -1 ]
32) The dimensions of moment of inertia are
(a) [M L2] (b) [M T -2 ] (c) [ ML-1 ] (d) [ M2 L ]
33) Angular velocity is measured in
(a) m/s
(b) rev/mint (c)
rad/s (d)
rad/mint
34) Direction of angular acceleration is
(a) Along the tangent to the circle (b) Along the radius towards the
center
(c) Along the
radius from center (d)
Along the axis of rotation
35) Moment of inertia of a sphere is
(a) 1/2mr2 (b) 2/5 mr2 (c) 2/5 mr3 (d) 1/3 mr2
36) The value of time period of low flying satellite is
(a) 1 Year
(b) 84 minutes (c) 28 hours (d) 1 day
37) A wheel of diameter 1 m makes 60 rev/min. The linear
speed of a point on its rim in m/s is
(a) π (b)
π /2 (c) 2
π (d) 3 π
38) One revolution is equal to
(a) 2π radian (b)
π rad (c)
π/2 rad (d) π/4 rad
39) Close orbiting satellites orbit the earth at a height
of about
(a) 400 km (b)
4000 km (c) 400
m (d) 400 cm
40) Speed of moon around the earth is
(a) 1200
m/s (b) 1100 m/s (c) 1000 m/s (d) 900 m/s
41) The value of g at the center of the earth is
(a)
Infinite (b2g (c) 3g (d) Zero
Q-2. Write short answers of the following
questions.
1) Why does a
diver change his body positions before and after diving in the pool?
2) What is meant
by moment of inertia?
3) Describe what should
be the minimum velocity for a satellite, to orbit close to the earth around it?
4) A disk rolls
down a hill of height 10.0 m. What is its speed at the bottom?
5) A disk and hoop
start moving down from the top of an inclined plane at the same speed. Which
one will be
moving faster
on reaching the bottom?
6) Prove that 1
Radian = 57.3º
7) Can a body move
along a circle without centripetal force?
8) What are
Geo-Satellite? Describe the uses of Geo- Stationary satellite.
9) Is any work done
by centripetal force?
10) When mud flies off the tyre of a moving bicycle, in
what direction does it fly? Explain.
11) Define radian and prove that S = rθ and v = rὠ
12) A minute hand of clock is 3 m long. What is its mean
angular velocity?
13) What do you mean by orbital velocity and artificial
velocity?
14) Explain how many minimum number of Geo-Stationary
satellites are required for global coverage of
TV
Transmission.
15) Explain why Earth’s satellite despite of being
falling freely object does not reach the earth?
16) Relate how orbital speed of satellite depends upon
its radius.
17) What are satellites and how they move around the
earth?
18) How is artificial gravity created?
19) Explain b/w tangential velocity and angular velocity.
20) What are synchronous satellites? What are its uses?
21) What is the difference b/w real and apparent weight?
Q-3 (a).
Derive an expression for Centripetal force.
(b).
What is the least speed at which an aeroplane can execute vertical loop of
1.0 km radius so that there
will be no tendency for the pilot to fall down at highest point
Q- 4 (a)
Define artificial gravity. Derive an expression for frequency by which
spaceship rotates.
(b).
Calculate the angular momentum of a star of mass 2.0 x 10³º kg and radius 7.0 x
105 km. If it makes one
complete rotation about its axis once in 20
days, What is its K.E.?
Q-5 (a)
Define rotational K.E. Derive its formula also find the rotational
kinetic energies of disk and hoop.
(b) A 1000 kg car traveling with a speed of 144
km/h rounds a curve of radius 100 m. Find the necessary
centripetal
force.
Ch # 06 Fluid Dynamics
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) The frictional effect b/w different layers of
moving fluid is called
(a) Density (b) Pressure (c) Force (d) Viscosity
2) The more viscous liquid is
(a) Water (b) Honey (c) Coal tar (d) Benzene
3) The equation F = 6πηrv is called
(a) Stock’s law (b) Newton’s law (c) Ohm’s law (d) Faraday’s law
4)
The SI unit of viscosity is
(a) Nsm¯² (b) Ns¯²m¯² (c) N²ms (d) Ns¯¹m¯¹
5)
Human blood pressure is measured in
(a) Nm² (b) mm (c) Pascal (d) torr
6) If cross sectional area of a pipe decreases,
the speed of fluid must increase
according to
(a) Venturi relation (b) Bernoulli’s
equation
(c) Equation of continuity (d) Torricelli’s theorem
7) The smooth and or steady stream line flow is
called
(a) Turbulent flow (b) Laminar flow (c) regular flow (d) None
8)
In equation of continuity the unit of Av is given as
(a) m³ (b) m³s¯¹ (c) m²s¯¹ (d) m²
9)
Normally human blood density is equal to
(a) 111 kgm¯³ (b) 133.3 kgm¯³ (c) (80-120) kgm¯³ (d) Water density
10)
1 torr =
(a) 133.3 Nm¯² (b)
123.3 Nm¯² (c) 333 Nm¯² (d) 333.3 Nm¯²
11) The venture meter is used to find:
(a) Speed of the fluid (b) Density of the fluid (c) Viscosity of fluid (d) Pressure of the fluid
12)
The lower reading of blood pressure is called
(a) Systolic Pressure (b) Diastolic Pressure (c) Normal Pressure (d) None
13)
Blood pressure is measured by
(a) Hydrometer (b) Barometer (c) Galvanometer (d) Sphygmomanometer
14)
Venture relation is given as
(a) P1 – P2=1/2 ρv22 (b) P = 1/2ρv2 (c) P1 – P2=1/2ρv12
- 1/2 ρv22
(d) v2 = √2g(h1 – h2)
15)
The device used for the measurement of liquid flow is
(a) Hydrometer (b) Barometer (c) Manometer (d) Venturimeter
16)
When a body is fallig under the action of gravity with terminal velocity, its
acceleration is
(a) Constant (b) Zero
(c) Variable (d) 9.8 ms-2
17)
Which of the following has maximum viscosity?
(a) Air (b) Water
(c) Acetone (d) Glycerin
18)
The SI unit of viscosity is :
(a) Kgm-1 s-1 (b) Kgms-1 (c) Kgm-1s (d) Kgms
19)
The law of conservation od mass is given by
(a) Bernoulli’s equ. (b) Equ. Of continuity (c) Torricelli’s Theorem (d) None
20)
Torr is unit of
(a) Power (b) Energy
(c) Pressure (d) Energy
21)
The unit of flow rate is given by
(a) m2 /s (b) m/s (c) m3 /s (d) m3
22)
The systolic pressure of a normal healthy person is
(a) 120 torr (b) 125 torr
(c) 115 torr (d) 110 torr
Q-2.
Write short answers of the following questions
1) Explain what do you mean by the term
viscosity?
2) Two row boats are moving parallel in the same
direction are pulled towards each other. Why?
3) Explain, how swing is produced in a fast
moving cricket ball?
4) Why fog droplets appear to be suspended in
air?
5) State the Stock’s law and write it’s
mathematically formula.
6) Explain the difference b/w laminar flow and
turbulent flow.
7) A person is standing near a fast moving
train. Is there any danger that he will fall towards it?
8) Water flows through a hose, whose internal
diameter is 1 cm at a speed of 1 m/s.What should be the
diameter of nozzle if the water is to
emerge at 21 m/s?
9)
State the Torricelli’s theorem with diagram.
10)
What gauge pressure is required in the city mains for a stream from a fire hose
connected to mains
to
reach a vertical height of 15.0 m.
11)
Briefly explain Viscous Drag.
12)
What is the function of a venture duct in the carburetor of car?
Q-3 (a). State and prove Bernoulli’s theorem. (5)
(b). How large must a heating duct be if air
moving 3.0 m/s along it can be replenish
the air in a room of 300 m³
volume every 15 minutes? Assume the air’s density
remains constant.
(3)
Q-
4 (a) State and explain equation of
continuity.
(5)
(b). Certain globular protein particle has a
density of 1246 kgm¯³. It falls through
pure water ( η = 8.0 x 10-4 Nm¯²s) with a terminal velocity of 3.0 cm/h.
Find the
radius of the particle
(3)
Q-5
(a) Define terminal velocity. Derive an
expression for terminal velocity.
(5)
(b) An air
plane wing is designed so that when the speed of air across the top wing is
450 m/s, the speed of air below
the wing is 410 m/s. What is pressure difference
b/w the top and bottom of the wings
if density of air is 1.29 kgm¯³?
(3)
Ch # 07 Oscillations
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) In SHM, the
restoring force is directly proportional to
(a)
Velocity (b)
Acceleration (c) Frequency (d) Time period
2) The angle θ =
ωt which specifies the displacement of the point executing SHM is known as
(a) Solid
angle (b) Plane angle (c) Critical angle (d) Phase angle
3) The cooking
and heating of food by microwave oven is an example of
(a)
Resonance (b) SHM (c) Damped oscillation (d) None
4) The total energy of a particle executing SHM at any
displacement x is given by
(a) kx (b) kx/2 (c) kxº (d) kxº/2
5) The product of time period and frequency is
(a) Zero (b) One (c) π (d) None
6) The
oscillations in which amplitude decreases steadily with time are called
(a) Natural
oscillations (b) Free
oscillations
(c) Forced
oscillations (d) Damped
oscillations
7) The waves
produced in microwave oven have frequency
(a) 2450
Hz (b) 2550 Hz (c) 1200 Hz (d) 2400 Hz
8) Total energy of a vibrating body executing SHM at
extreme position is
(a) K.E. (b) P.E. (c) Both K.E and P.E. (d) None
9) Unit of frequency is
(a) Hz (b) Newton (c) N.s (d) Kgm¯¹
10) The force which bring back the body to its original
position is called
(a) Frictional
force (b) Restoring force (c)
Damping force (d) None
11) Keeping the length constant and doubling the mass of
the bob, the time period of the pendulum will be
(a) Doubled (b) Become four time (c)
Remain constant (d)
None
12) Dimensions of angular velocity are
[ LT -1 ] (b)
[ T-1 ] (c) [ L -1T
] (d) [ L -1T -1
]
13) The instantaneous velocity of the spring mass system
is
(a) PEmax= 1/2kx02 (b) PE = 1/2kx02 (c) PE = 1/2kx2 (d) PE = 1/2k2x
14) Units used
for factor √l/g may be
(a) Meter (b) Second (c) Kilogram (d) Radian
15) The angular frequency can be expressed as:
(a) ω = 2π/T (b) ω = T/2π (c) ω = 2ωT (d) ω = 2T/ω
16) The acceleration of a body preforming and time is :
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
17) The acceleration of a body performing SHM depends
upon its:
(a) Mass (b) Time Period
(c) Amplitude (d)
Displacement
18) The time period of a wave is 0.2 s. Its frequency
will be
(a) Doubled
(b) Become four time (c) Remain constant (d) None
19) If the period of a simple pendulum, its amplitude
will become
(a) Unaffected (b) Doubled
(c) Half (d) 1.41 as larg
20) 10 cm extension is produced in a spring due t o a
force of 20 N. The spring constant is
(a) 2 N/m (b) 20 N/m (c)
200 N/m (d) 2000 N/m
21) The frequency of second pendulum is
(a) 1 Hz (b) 2 Hz
(c)
0.3 Hz (d) 5 Hz
22) Acceleration of projection of a particle moving
around a circle is a given by relation:
(a) a = -gx/l (b) a = -ω2x (c)
a = -kx/m (d) a = -gsinθ
23) When wave is reflected from the boundary of a denser
medium then phase of wave changes by:
(a) 00 (b) 900 (c) 1800 (d) 2700
24) The distance
covered by wave in 1 second is
(a) Wave number
(b) Wavelength (c) Frequency (d) Wave speed
25) If amplitude of simple pendulum is increased by 4
times then time period will be
(a) Four
times (b) Half (c) Same (d) Two Times
26) The velocity o sound in vacuum is
(a) Zero (b) 332 m/s
(c) 280 m/s (d) 330 m/s
Q-2. Write short answers of the following questions
1) Does the
frequency depend on the amplitude for harmonic oscillator?
2) If a mass
spring system is hung vertically and set into oscillations, why does the
motions eventually stops?
3) A block of mass
4.0kg is dropped from a height of 0.80m on to a spring of spring
constant k =
1960 N/m, Find the maximum distance through which the spring will be compressed
4) What happens to
the period of a simple pendulum if its length is doubled?
5) Can we realize
a simple pendulum?
6) Define
resonance with examples.
7) Define
frequency and time period. Give relation b/w them.
8) A simple
pendulum is 50 cm long. What will be its frequency at a place where g = 9.8m/s
9) Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic
oscillators remain constant during its
motion? Is the
acceleration
ever zero? Explain.
10) Define SHM. List two characteristics of SHM.
11) At what distance from the mean position of a simple
harmonic oscillator its KE will become half of its
maximum
value?
12) Would you keep the amplitude of simple pendulum small
or large?
13) What are damped oscillations? What happens to the
energy in damping? Sketch a graph b/w amplitude
and time for
damped and undamped oscillations.
14) What is meant by phase angle?
Q-3 (a).
What is simple pendulum? Show that its motion is SHM. Derive an expression for
its time period.
(b).
A 100g body hung on a spring elongates the spring by 4.0 cm. When a
certain object is hung on
the
spring and set vibrating, its period is 0.568 s. What is the mass of the object pulling the spring?
Q- 4 (a) Derive an expression for the K.E. and
P.E. of a spring mass system executing SHM. Also prove that
its
total energy remains constant.
(b).
An 8.0 kg body execute SHM with an amplitude 30 cm.The restoring force is 60 N
when the
displacement is 30 cm. Find its period of oscillation.
Q-5 (a)
Discuss the motion of a horizontal mass spring system. Derive expression
for its time period,
instantaneous displacement, instantaneous velocity and maximum velocity.
(b) Find the amplitude, frequency and period of
an object vibrating at the end of a spring, if the
equation
for its position, as a function of time is
X = 0.25 cos [π/8] t What is the
displacement of the
object
after 2.0s?
Ch # 08 Waves
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) Lowest position
of a wave is called
(a) Node (b) Crest (c) Trough (d) Compression
2) The speed of
sound in air at 00 C is approximately equal to
(a) 332
m/s (b) 222 m/s (c) 332 cm/s (d) 0 m/s
3) The distance
b/w a node and antinode is
(a) λ (b) λ/2 (c) λ/4 (d) 3 λ/4
4) The blue of the sky is due to
(a)
Diffraction (b)
Polarization (c) Scattering (d) Refraction
5) It is possible to distinguish b/w transverse and
longitudinal waves from the property of
(a)
Refraction (b)
Interference (c)
Diffraction (d) Polarization
6) Sound waves
cannot travel through
(a) Air (b) Water (c) Vacuum (d) Material medium
7) Stationary
waves are generated on a string of length “l” .Its fundamental frequency is
(a) f1 = v
×l (b) f1 = v/2l (c) f1 = 2(v ×l) (d) f1 = 2l/v
8) Radar is a device which transmits and receives
(a) Microwaves (b) Radio waves (c) Light waves (d) None
9) Unit of frequency is
(a) Hz (b) Newton (c) N.s (d) Kgm¯¹
10) Stars moving away from the earth show
(a) Blue
shift (b) Green shift (c) Red shift (d) Yellow shift
11) Half wavelength corresponds to
(a) 00 (b) 1800 (c) 900 (d) 3600
12) Beats can be heard when difference of frequency is
not more than
(a) 8 Hz (b) 10 Hz (c) 4 Hz (d) 6 Hz
13) Two waves of equal frequency travelling in opposite
direction produce
(a)
Interference (b) Stationary
waves (c) Beats (d) Doppler Effect
14) Diffraction is a special type of
(a)
Interference (b)
Polarization (c) Reflection (d) Refraction
15) Longitudinal waves are also known as
(a) Stationary waves (b) Transverse waves (c) Compressional waves (d) EMW
16) When wave is reflected from a boundary of denser
medium then phase of wave change by
(a) 00 (b) 1800 (c) 900 (d) 2700
17) A set of
frequencies which are multiple of the fundamental frequency are called
(a) Doppler Effect
(b) Nodal Frequencies (c)
Beat frequencies (d) Harmonics
18) The pitch of sound depends upon
(a) Intensity (b) Loudness (c) Wavelength (d) Frequency
19) For same mass and length if tension of vibrating
string is increased by four times, the speed of wave
increased by
(a) 2 times
(b) 4 times (c) 6
times (d) √2 times
20) Beats are used to find
(a) Intensity
(b) Speed (c)
Wavelength (d) Frequency
21) Speed of sound in air depends upon
(a) Temperature
(b) Humidity (c)
Density (d) All of these
22) On increasing the tension, frequency of vibration of
string
(a) Increases
(b) Decreases (c) Remains
same (d) First increase then
decrease
23) The speed of sound has maximum value in
(a)
Helium (b) Hydrogen (c) Air (d) Oxygen
24) The error in the value of speed of sound calculated
by Newton’s at STP is about
(a)
14 % (b) 15 % (c)
16 % (d) 20 %
25) An organ pipe is 5 cm long with one end closed, its
fundamental frequency will be
(a) 250 Hz (b) 330 Hz
(c) 360 Hz (d) 350 Hz
26) If speed of sound in air at a given pressure is V,
then by increasing the pressure to double,
the new speed will
be
(a)
0.5 V (b)
1 V (c) 2 V
(d) 4 V
27) Two waves can interfere only if they have
(a)
Phase coherence (b) Same velocity (c) Different frequencies (d) Different wavelength
28) For each degree rise in temperature (in Celsius ) the
speed of sound in gases increases by
(a) 0.61
cm/s (b) 61 m/s (c) 6.1 m/s (d) .61 m/s
29) The wavelength of stationary waves in second mode in
a string of length L is equal to
(a) 2
L (b) L
(c) L/2
(d) L/4
30) Periodic increase or decrease in loudness of sound is
called
(a)
Resonance (b) Interference (c) Beats
(d) Diffraction
31) The temperature at which the velocity of sound in air
is two times its velocity at 100 C is
(a) 1321
K (b) 1213 K (c) 1132 K (d) 1231 k
32) The speed of sound is independent of
(a)
Medium (b) Source of sound (c) Pressure (d) Temperature
33) Wavelength of fundamental mode of vibration of closed
pipe end is
(a) L (b) 2L (c) L/2 (d) 4l
34) The distance b/w two adjacent dark or bright fringes
is
(a) ∆y = L
λ/d (b) ∆y = λ/d (c) ∆y = d λ/L (d) ∆y = L λd
35) In stationary waves the points which always remains
at rest are
(a) Nodes (b) Antinodes (c) Crest (d) Trough
36) The speed of sound in aluminum at 200 is
(a) 3600
m/s (b) 5100 m/s (c) 5130 m/s (d) 5500 m/s
Q-2. Write short answers of the following questions
1) Define
stationary waves.
2) Write any two
uses of Doppler Effect.
3) A transverse wave has a speed of 200 m/s. Find the
wavelength of the wave if ƒ = 1 KHz
4) How are beats
useful in tuning musical instruments?
5) Define transverse
waves .Give an example.
6) Define node and
antinode.
7) Why sound
travels faster in warm air than in cold air?
8) Write the
formula of speed of sound at 0 Cº
9) Define progressive waves with examples.
10) Why does sound travel faster in solids than in gases?
11) A church organ consists of pipes, each opens at one
end of different lengths. The minimum
length is 30 mm and longest is 4 m. Calculate the frequency of its fundamental notes (speed of sound is 340 m/s)
12) Write any two cases of superposition of waves.
13) What is the effect of pressure and temperature on the
speed of sound?
Q-3 (a).
What is principle of superposition? State and explain the term Beats.
(b).
Find the temperature at which the velocity of sound in air is two times
its velocity at 10 ºC.
Q- 4 (a)
How Laplace corrected the Newton’s formula for speed of sound in air.
(b).
The frequency of the note emitted by a stretched string is 300 Hz. What will
be the frequency
of this
note when length of the note is reduced by 1/3 without changing the tension.
Q-5 (a)
Discuss the stationary waves produced in a stretched string.
(b)
A train approaching a station at 90 km/s sounding a whistle of frequency
1000 Hz. What will be
the
apparent frequency of the whistle as heard by a listener sitting on the
platform?
Ch # 09 Physical Optics
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the
following.
1) The instrument
which is used to measure the speed of light was developed by
(a) Newton (b) Huygen (c) Michelson (d) Galileo
2) The equation
2dsinθ = nλ denotes:
(a) Huygen principle (b) Braggs equation (c)
Young’s equation (d) None
3) When Newton ’s ring are
observed with reflected light then central spot is
(a)
Bright (b)
Black (c) Blue (d) Red
4) The blue of the sky is due to
(a) Diffraction (b) Polarization (c) Scattering (d) Refraction
5) In young’s experiment the fringe spacing is equal to
(a) d/λL (b) 2 λL/d (c) λL/d (d) 2 λL/d
6) The path
difference “d” for construction interference should be
(a) λ/2 (b) m λ (c) 3 λ/d (d) 5 λ/d
7) Phase angle of
180º is equivalent to a path difference of
(a) λ (b) λ/2 (c) λ/4 (d) 2 λ
8) Light from sun reaches the earth in the form of
(a)
Cylindrical wave fronts
(b) Spherical wave fronts (c)
Plane wave fronts (d) None
9) Wavelength of X – rays is
(a)
10−¹º m (b) 10¹º
m (c) 10−¹º cm (d) None
10) Wave theory was presented by
(a) Newton (b) Huygen (c) Young (d) Bragg
11) Longitudinal waves do not exhibit
(a) Polarization (b) Refreaction (c) Reflaction (d) Diffraction
12) In case of X-ray diffraction by crystal the
wavelength can be found by using the equation
(a) dSin θ = nλ (b) 2dSinθ= nλ (c) 2dCosθ = nλ (d)
dCos θ= nλ
13) What happens to the interference pattern produced by
double slit experiment by doubling the slit
spacing
(a) Fringe spacing is doubled (b) Fringe spacing is halved
(c) Intensity increases (d) Fringe spacing is not
changed
14) The appearance of colors in thin film is due to
(a) Diffraction (b) Interference (c) Dispersion (d) Polarization
15) Michelson interferometer is used for
(a) Measure the distance with higher precision (b) Find speed of light
(c)
Study interference in thin films (d) Study diffraction of
light
16) Brilliant and beautiful colors in soap bubbles are
due to
(a) Diffraction
(b)
Polarization (c) Interference (d) Reflection
17) Optical rotation , a property of optically active
substances can be used to determine their
(a) Density
(b)
Viscosity (c) Elasticity (d) Concentration in solutions
18) In diffraction grating , distance b/w the two
adjacent slits is called
(a) Grating element (b) Normal to grating (c) Fringes (d) Diffraction
19) The equation of Michelson interferometer is
(a) L = mλ/2
(b) L =
mλ/4 (c) L = mλ (d) L = 2mλ
20) Which one of the following media can transmit both
transverse and longtudunal waves
(a) Solid (b) Loquid (c) Plasma (d) Gas
21) The distance b/w two adjacent dark fringes is given
by
(a) ∆ y = λL/d
(b) ∆ y = mλL/d (c) ∆ y = [m+1/2] Lλ/d (d) ∆ y = λd/L
22) The technique used to study the structure of
hemoglobin is
(a) X-ray diffraction
(b) Newton’s rings (c) Polarization (d) Inference
Q-2. Write short answers of the following
questions.
1) Define wave
front.
2) Why the
Polaroid sunglasses are better than ordinary sunglasses.
3) What is the difference b/w interference and
diffraction?
4) Can visible
light produce interference fringes? Explain.
5) An oil film spreading over a wet foot path shows
colours. Explain how does it happen?
6) How is the
distance b/w interference fringes affected by the separation b/w the slits of
Young’s
Experiment?
Can fringes disappear?
7) How would you
distinguish b/w un-polarized and plan polarized light.
8) Define grating
element. Write its formula.
9) Could you obtain Newton ’s ring with transmitted light?
Explain.
10) State Huygen’s principle.
11) Write down the two methods by which we can obtain
plane polarized from unpolrized beam of light .
12) Why the polaroid sunglasses are better than ordinary
sunglasses.?
13) What is thin film? Upon what factors does the interference
in this film depend?
14) Define ray of light.
Q-3 (a) Explain Young’s double slit Experiment.
Derive an expression for fringe
spacing.
(b) A
light is incident normally on a grating which has 2500 lines/cm. Compute
the wavelength of a
spectral line foe which the deviation in second order is 15º.
Q- 4 (a) Describe the principle, construction and
working of Michelson interferometer. How can you find
the
wavelength of light used?
(b).
Light of wavelength 450 nm is incident on a diffraction grating on which 5000
lines/cm have
been ruled. How many orders of
spectra can be observed on either side of the direct beam?
Q-5 (a) What is diffraction grating? How it is
used to determine the wavelength of the
light used?
Derive its formula.
OR
Define diffraction of light. Explain
diffraction of x-rays by crystal and derive Bragg’s equation.
(b) In a double slit experiment the second order
maximum occurs at θ = 0.25º. The Wavelength is
650nm. Determine slit separation
Ch # 10 Optical Instruments
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the following
1) The magnifying
power of a simple microscope is
(a) M =
q/p (b) M = 1 + q/p (c) M = f/q (d) M = 1 + d/f
2) Power of any
lens would be one diopter when its focal length is
(a) 1.0 m (b) 1.0 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 2 m
3) The value of critical angle for glass - air boundary
is
(a) 41.8º (b) 41.5º (c) 42.8º (d) 42º
4) Magnifying power of astronomical telescope is given
by
(a) fo/fe (b) fo x fe (c) fo + fe (d) fo - fe
5) An astronomical
telescope is made with objective of focal length 100 cm and an eye piece of
focal length
5.0 cm . The length of telescope when focused
for infinity is
(a) 95 cm (b) 105 cm (c) 20 cm (d) None
6) Near point of normal human eye is
(a) 25 cm (b) 25 m (c) 0 cm (d) Infinity
7) Where is the final image formed when an astronomical
telescope is in normal adjustment?
(a) At the focal point of the objective (b) At infinity (c) At the focal point of eye
piece (d) At the distance equal to f o+ f e
8) An astronomical telescope having magnifying power of 5
cm consist of two thin lenses 24 cm apart.
The length of the lenses is
(a) 4 cm (b) 20 cm (c) 16 cm (d) None
9) At compound microscope forms final image at
(a) Least
distance of distinct vision (b)
Focus of eye piece (c) Focus of
objective (d) Infinity
10) The resolving power of an instrument is its ability
to
(a) Reveal the
minor details of the object
(b) Enlarge the image of the object
(c) Make the
image at near point (d) Find the
refractive index
11) If N is the number of rulings on the grating then the
resolving power in the mth order diffraction is equal to
(a) R =
Nm (b) R = N/m (c) R = 1/Nm (d) R = m/N
12) If d is least distance of distinct vision , then
magnification of convex lens of focal length f will be
(a) 1 +
d/f (b) 1 – d/f (c) 1 + d/f (d) 1 – d/f
13) The ratio of the size of image to the size of object
is called
(a) Focal
length (b) Visual
power (c) Resolving
power (d) Elasticity
14) In the multimode step index fiber, density of the
optical material decreases form
(a) Edges to
core (b) Core → Edge (c) Even (d) Multiple
15) Glass air boundary acts as
(a)
Mirror (b) Glass (c) Water (d) Air
16) The image formed by simple microscope is
(a) Real and
inverted (b) Erect and
virtual (c) real and
erect (d) Inverted and virtual
17) Using a graded index fiber, the time difference is reduced
to about
(a) 33 ns per
100 km (b) 33 ns per
km (c) 1 ns per km (d) 1 ns per 100 km
18) Multimode step index fiber is useful for
(a) Long
distance (b) Short
distance (c) Very long distance (d) Infinite distance
19) The optical fiber is covered for protection by
(a) Glass
Jacket (b) Plastic Jacket (c) Copper Jacket (d) Aluminum Jacket
20) If magnifying power of magnifying glass is 3, then
its focal length will be
(a) 25 cm (b) 12.5 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 3 cm
21) Repeaters are placed in the new system at a distance of
(a) 30
/Km (b) 50 /Km (c) 80 /Km (d) 100 /Km
22) Why do we use a laser for sending a signal along a mono mode fiber?
(a) The laser
has very narrow band of wavelength
(b) The core has low refractive
index to laser light
(c) The light
produced is faster than from any other source of light
(d) The
electrical signal can be transferred quickly using a laser
23) Where is the final image formed when an astronomical
telescope is in normal adjustment?
(a) At the
focus of objective (b) At
the focus of eye piece
(c) At
infinity
(d) At a distance equal f o + f e
24) If n1 and n2 are refractive
indices of core and cladding, then for light through optical fiber:
(a) n1>
n2 (b) n1< n2 (c) n1= n2 (d) None of these
25) The Snell’s law is expressed as
(a) n1
Sinθ1 = n2Sinθ2 (b)
n1 Sinθ2 = n2Sinθ1 (c) n1 Cosθ1 = n2Cosθ2 (d) n1/Sinθ1 = n2
/Sinθ2
26) How many types of optical fibers are
(a) One (b) Two (c) Three (d) Four
27) Which of the phenomena of light is utilized in
propagation of light through optical fibers?
(a) Total
internal refraction (b)
Total internal reflection (c) Polarization (d) Interference
28) If the focal length of objective and eyepiece is 0.5
cm and 10 cm respectively, then magnifying power of
telescope
will be
(a) 5 (b) 0.5 cm (c) 10 cm (d) 20 cm
29) The light emitted from LED has a wavelength
(a) 1.3 μ
m (b) 1.2 μ m (c) 1.4 μ m (d) 1.5 μ m
Q-2. Write
short answers of the following questions.
1) Why would it be advantageous to use blue light with
compound microscope?
2) How power is lost in optical fibers through
dispersion?
3) What is the principle of optical fiber?
4) Why objective of short focal length is preferred in
microscope?
5) Write different types of optical fibers.
6) Describe with the help of diagram, how biconvex lenses
are arranged to form a microscope.
7) How light signal is transmitted through optical fiber?
8) Name three essential
components of spectrometer.
9) Define (i) Refractive index (ii) Snell’s law
10) Define (i) Least distance of distinct vision (ii) Critical angle.
11) Find the difference b/w angular magnification and
resolving power of an instrument
12) In simple microscope, the focal length of its lens is
(1/5)d, where d is least distance of distinct vision.
Find the magnifying power.
13) Calculate the critical angle for optical fiber having
core of refractive index 1.5 and cladding of refractive index1.48
14) How is power lost in optical fiber through
dispersion?
15) Draw sketch showing the different light paths through
a single mode and multimode fiber.
Q-3 (a) Explain the construction and working of
compound microscope with the help of ray
diagram?
Derive an expression for its magnification.
(b)
The refractive index of core and cladding of optical fiber are 1.6 and 1.4
respectively. Calculate the
Critical angle for the interface.
Q- 4 (a) What is simple microscope? Derive an
expression for the magnifying power of
simple microscope.
(b).
A compound microscope has convex lens of focal length 1.0 cm as an objective
and a convex lens of
focal length 3.0 cm as eye piece . An object is placed from the
objective lens. If virtual image is
formed 25 cm from the
eye,Calculate the separation of lenses
and magnification the instrument.
Q-5 (a) Describe Michelson‘s experiment for
determining the speed of light.
(b)
An astronomical telescope having magnifying power of 5 consists of two
lenses 24 cm apart. Find the
focal lengths of the lenses.
Ch # 11 Heat & Thermodynamics
Q-1. Encircle the correct answer of the following.
1) The graph b/w V
and T at constant pressure is
(a)
Parabola (b) Hyperbola (c) Straight (d) Curve
2) In isothermal process, one of the following is
constant
(a)
Temperature (b) Volume (c) Pressure (d) Heat
3) Temperature of
-273 Cº on Kelvin scale is
(a) 273 Kº (b) 373 Kº (c) -273 Kº (d) Kº
4) In reversible process the entropy
(a) Remains
constant (b)
Increases
(c) Decreases (d) Initial
increase then decrease
5) The amount of
heat required to melt one kg of ice at 0 Cº is called
(a) Heat
capacity (b) Latent
heat of fusion of ice
(c) Heat of
vaporization (d) None
6) At constant
temperature, if volume of a given gas is doubled then density of the gas becomes
(a)
Double (b) ¼ of
original (c) ½ of original (d) Unchanged
7) Carnot cycle is
(a)
Reversible (b)
Irreversible (c) Both (d) None
8) A heat engine
performs 100 J of work and at the same time rejects 400 j of heat
energy to the
cold reservoir. Efficiency of the engine is
(a) 60 % (b) 40 % (c) 30% (d) 20%
9) The average translational K.E. of the molecules in a
gas at 12 Cº is
(a) 6.21 x 10−²¹ J (b) 6210 J (c) 6100 J (d) None
(10) The value of universal gas constant R is
(a) 8.314 x
10¹¹ Jmol−¹K−¹ (b) 8.314
Jmol−¹K−¹
(c) 8314
Jmol−¹K−¹ (d) None
11) For a diatomic gas Cv = (5/2)R, therefore
γ for this gas is
(a) 5/7 (b) 4/35 (c) 7/5 (d) 35/4
12) An ideal reversible heat engine has
(a) 100 %
efficiency (b) Highest efficiency
(c) An
efficiency that depends upon the nature of the working substance (d) None
13) One of the following is true for Carnot engine
(a) η = 1
(b) η >1 (c) η
<1 (d) Power is max
14) Which one is true for an isothermal process?
(a) Q = W (b) Q = 0 (c) W = 0 (d) W = ∆u
15) Internal energy of a substance is directly
proportional to
(a)
Pressure (b) Volume (c) Temperature (d) None
16) The efficiency of diesel engine is about
(a) 15% to
20% (b) 25% to 30% (c) 35% to 40% (d) 45% to 50%
17) The concept of entropy was introduced by Rudolph
Clausius in
(a) 1840 (b) 1856 (c) 1857 (d) 1905
18) A Carnot engine discharges 3 j of heat into the LTR
for every 2 J work (Output).
The
efficiency of the Carnot engine will be
(a) 33% (b) 40% (c) 60% (d) 66%
19) An adiabatic process is that which has constant
(a)
Entropy (b) Volume (c) Pressure (d) Temperature
20) The efficiency of Carnot engine
(a) Nature of
working substance (b) Size of
engine (c) Construction of
engine
(d) Temperature of HTR and LTR
21) Which of the following is practically reversible ?
(a)
Explosion (b) Human metabolism (c) Evaporation of substance (d) Cloud formation
22) An ideal gas is one whose molecules have
(a) KE
only (b) PE only (c) Tot. KE only (d) Vib.KE only
23) Boyle’s law id applicable to
(a) Isobaric process (b) Isochoric process (c) Isothermal process (d) Adiabatic process
24) The efficiency of heat engine can be increased by
increasing the temperature of
(a)
Engine (b) Cold reservoir (c) Hot reservoir (d) None
25) Thermal pollution is an inevitable consequence of the
(a) 1st
law of thermodynamics (b) 2nd
law of thermodynamics
(c) 1st
law of motion (d) 2nd
law of motion
26) Boltzman constant K is given as
(a) RNA (b) R/NA (c) NA/R (d) 1/RNA
27) Average translational KE of molecules for an ideal
gas is
(a) (2/3)
KT (b) (3/2) KT (c) (2/3k)T (d) (3/2K)T
28) The unit of entropy is
(a) JK (b) K/J (c) J (d) J/K
29) The cloud formation in atmosphere is an example
(a) Isothermal
process (b) Adiabatic process
(c) Isobaric
Process (d) Isochoric
process
30) The relationship b/w temperature of an ideal gas and
average translational KE is
(a) T =
<
mv2> (b) T =
<
mv2> (c) T =
<
mv2> (d) T =
<
mv2>
31) According to 1st law of thermodynamics the
quantity which is conserved
(a)
Energy (b) Force (c) Momentum (d) Power
32) Environmental crises are known as
(a) Population
crises (b) Entropy crises (c) War crises (d) Mass crises
32) Ideal gas law is
(a) PT = NUK
(b) P = NKT (c) PV =
NRT (d) P = nRT
33) Number of spark plugs needed in the diesel engine are
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
34) Heat is a form of
(a) Power (b) Energy (c) Momentum (d) Torque
35) A heat engine have 50% efficiency. The ratio b/w
source and sink temperature T2/T1=……
(a) 1
(b) 0.5 (c) 1.5 (d) 2.0
36) Cloud formation in the atmosphere is an example of
(a) Isothermal
process (b) Isochoric
process (c) Adiabatic process (d) Isobaric process
36) The carnot cycle can be shown by which graph
(a) P-T
graphr (b) V-T grapgh (c) P-V grapgh (d) P-T grapgh
37) Triple point of water is
(a) 273.16 0F (b) 273.16 0C (c) 273.16 K (d) 373.16 K
Q-2. Write short answers of the following.
1) What is triple
point of water?
2) Define
Reversible process
3) Give an example
of natural process that involves an increase in entropy?
4) Define (i) Specific heat (ii) Entropy
5) What happens to the temperature of the room, when an
air conditioner is left running
on the table
in the middle of the room?
6) Does entropy of
a system increase or decrease due to friction?
7) Why does the
pressure of gas in a car tyre increases when it is driven through some
distance.
8) Is it possible to construct a heat engine that will
not expel heat into the atmosphere?
9) Can mechanical energy be completely converted into
heat energy? Give example.
10) Specific heat at constant pressure is greater the
specific heat at constant volume. Why?
11) A Carnot engine utilizes an ideal gas. The source
temperature is 227 ºC and sink
temperature is 127 ºC.
Find
efficiency of the engine.
12) A thermo flask containing milk as a system is shaken
rapidly, Does the temperature of milk rises?
13) Derive Boyle’s law from Kinetic theory of gases.
14) Derive Charles law form kinetic theory of gases.
15) Define reversible and irreversible process.
16) What is the translational kinetic energy of molecules
in a gas at 28 C0.
17) Write postulates of KMT.
18) Prove that < V2> = 3p/ρ
19) Cp >Cv . Why?
20) Why the adiabatic curve is more steeper than
isothermal curve?
21) State fist law of thermodynamics. How it is
applicable on human body?
Q-3 (a).
Show that Cp – Cv = R
(b). The
turbine in a steam power plant takes steam from a boiler at 427 Cº and exhaust into a low temperature
reservoir
at 77 Cº. What is the maximum possible
efficiency?
Q-4 (a). What is Carnot Engine? Calculate
its efficiency.
(b)
A thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy
decreases by 300 J.
If
at the same time 120 J of work is done on the system, find the heat lost by the system.
Q-5 (a)
Explain the working of petrol engine and compose its efficiency with diesel
engine.
(b) Calculate the entropy change when 1.0 kg ice
at 0 Cº melts into water at 0 Cº.Latent of heat of fusion
Lf = 3.36 x 105 Jkg−¹
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