Tuesday, 17 March 2015

Biology F,Sc Part 2 Past Paper

15 Homeostasis

Multiple Choice Questions

The incidence of calcium phosphate stones in kidney:       L10
A) 10%               B) 15%                C) 20%                D) 30%
Which of the following part of plant is excretophore?        L10
A) Stem              B) Roots             C) Leaves           D) Flowers
Reptiles are included in:                                                           G10
A) Homeotherms                         B) Endotherm
C) Ectotherm                                 D) Hetrotherms
Metabolism of purine and pyrimidineproduces significance amount of:  G10
A)Creatinin                                    B)Creatine
C)Xanthin                                       D)Trimethylamine oxide
Animals excreting ammonia are called:                                  L11
A)Ureotelic                                   B)Uricotelic
C)Ammonotelic                            D)Excretotelic
Earthworm has tubular excretory system called:                  L11
A)Prenephredia                           B)Protonephredia
C)Mesonephredia                        D)Metanephredia
Excretory product that requires minimum loss of water for its removal is ___________.   G11
A)Urea               B)Uric Acid        C)Creatinin        D)Ammonia
_______ is mesophyte plant                                                    G11
A) Cacti              B) Hydrilla          C) Brassica         D) Kikar
Major homeostatic function of liver is storage of:                L12
A) Bile                B) Cholesterol   C) Urea               D) Iron
Bats do not regulate their body temperature in narrow range is:              L12
A) Endotherm                               B) Homeotherm
C) Heterotherm                            D) Poikilotherm
Fishes retain which of the following chemical to be protected against urea?          L12
A) Allantoin                                   B) Creatine
C) Xanthin                                      D) Trimethylamine oxide
Glomerulus circulate blood through capsule as it arrives through:           L12
A) Vasa recta                                 B) PeritubularCapillaries
C) Afferent Arterioles                 D) Efferent Arterioles
Uric Acid is produced from:                                                     G12
A) Amino Acid                              B) Nucleic Acid
C) Fatty Acid                                  D) Proteins
The structural and functional relationship between excretory and nutritive system is present in:     G12
A) Planaria         B) Earthworm    C) Cnidaria         D) Insects

Short Questions

Define anhydrobiosis with an example.                           G09L12
Differentiate between ectotherm and endotherm.     L09 G12
Differentiate between hypertonic and hypotonic environment.               L10
Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
                                                                                               G11 L12
What are osmoregulators?                                               L11 G12
Differentiate between osmoconformers and osmoregulators.
                                                                                                L08 L12
Differentiate between osmoregulation and thermoregulation.  G09
Differentiate between ureter and urethra.                           L09
Differentiate between xerophyte and mesophyte plants.
                                                                                                       L12
Distinguish between proto-nephredium and meta-nephredium.               G11
Explain about dialysis.                                                                G11
How peritoneal dialysis is done?                                             G08
What is hemodialysis?                                                               G12
Explain pyrexia.                                                                   L08 G09
Explain the term Homeostasis.                                  G08G10 L11
Define homeostasis. Give its importance.                               L13
Give the structural formula of urea and uric acid.         L10L12
How the most plants have adapted to survive in heat stress?
                                                                                                       G10
Illustrate function of Malpighian tubules.                               L10
What are poikilotherms? Give an example.                           L12
What are the differences between ammonotelicand Uricotelic animals?                L08
Explain the process of panting with example.                        L13
What is ADH? How does it function?                                       L13
What role do hormones play in human kidney?                   G08
What techniques are used to remove kidney stones?         L09
Explain the role of contractile vacuole.                                  G10
Why leaves are said to be excretophores?                   G12 L11

Long Questions

Describe structure and function of urinary system with special reference to nephron.       G09 L12
Describe the osmoregulation in terrestrial environment.   L11
Describe various kidney problems and their cures              L08
Discuss kidney problems in humans.                                       L10
Discuss the nature of excretory products in animals to various habitats, specifically associated with water availability. L09 G10
Explain osmoregulation in marine animals.                            G12
Explain thermoregulations in mammals.                                 G11
Write a detail note on excretion in plants.                    G08 L12
What is excretion? How do plants excrete their wastes?    L13





16 Support & Movement

Multiple Choice Questions

The protein filament which binds calcium:                            L10
A) Actin              B) Myosin      C) Troponin       D) Tropomyosin
Which one of the following is plantigrade?                            L10
A) Rabbit            B) Monkey         C) Horse             D) Goat
Twisting around the actin chain there are two strands of another protein:             G10
A) Myosin    B) Tropomyosin      C) Troponin       D) Creatinine
The heartwood accumulates the chemicals:                         G10
A) Cellulose       B) Abscisins       C) Chitin             D) Resins
Spontaneous movements due to internal causes are called: L11
A) Autonomic   B) Paratonic      C) Tactic             D) Tropic
The fusion of four posterior pelvic vertebrae is ______    L11
A) Cervical         B) Coccyx           C) Lumber         D) Sacrum
Cambium is an example of:                                                       G11
A) Apical meristem                      B) Inter calary Meristem
C) Lateral Meristem                     D) Apex
Fibers, Sclereids and vessels are three types of _______ G11
A) Collenchyma                            B) Sclerenchyma
C) Parenchyma                             D) Cambium
Bone dissolving cells are called:                                              G11
A) Osteoblasts                              B) Stem cells     C) Osteocytes   D) Osteoclasts
A bone which connect scapula with sternum:                       L12
A) Humerus       B) Ischium          C) Pubis              D) Clavicle
Action of venous fly trap is an example of:                            L12
A) Nyctinasty     B) Haptonasty   C) Hyponasty     D) Photonasty
Which of these are long, Cylindrical and exist as bundle caps?  L12
A) Sclereids       B) Vessels           C) Trachea         D) Tracheids
Leaves go to sleep position when turgor pressure decreases in the lower side of:               L12
A) Pelvis             B) Pulvinus        C) Callus             D) Pubis
Cork cambium is an example of:                                              L12
A) Lateral meristem                     B) Apical meristem
C) Intercalary meristem              D) Bud primodia
Cramp is also known as:                                                            G12
A) Tetany                                       B) Tetanic contraction
C) Tetanus                                      D) Muscle fatigue
An increase in plant girth due to activity of vascular cambium is called:  G12
A) Primary growth                       B) Open growth
C) Secondary growth                   D) Tertiary growth

Short Questions

Characterize collenchyma cells.                                       L11 L12
Define the process of ecdysis.                                                  L12
Differentiate between epinasty and hyponasty.                   G10
Differentiate between passive flight and active flight. L12 L13
Differentiate between phototactic movements and phototropism.           L08
Differentiate between primary and secondary growth in plants.               G11
Explain hematoma formation.                                           L10 G12
Explain the role of exoskeleton in arthropods                      G10
Give two roles of vascular cambium.                               L11 L12
How digitigrade differ from unguligrade?                              L09
How do sleep movements in plants take place?                    L08
How muscle fatigue is produced?                                           G08
What are galls and calluses?                                                     L09
What are joints describes their types.                                    L12
What are the characteristics of smooth muscles?                G10
What do you know about rickets?                                           G11
What is rickets? Give its causes and cure.                              L13
What is a secondary growth?                                                   G09
What is axial skeleton?                                                               L12
What is cartilage?                                                                       G11
Discuss two main types of cartilage.                                        L13
What is differencebetween ligament and tendon?              L09
What is herniation of disc?                                L08 L10 L11 G12
What is passive flight?                                                               G08
What is sciatica and its causes.                                                 L09
What is the cause of tetanus?                                                  G09
What is turgor pressure?                                                          G11
Write about two types of nastic movements.                        L12
Write difference between tetanus and muscular tetany.   G12

Long Questions

Describe paratonic movements in plants.                              G11
Describe the contraction of sarcomere as initiated by nerve impulse.     G10
Explain the role of Ca++ ions in sliding filament model.         L10
Give an account of structure of skeletal muscle fiber.        G12
How energy is provided for muscle contraction?                 L12
What is the structure of a bone and how does repair of broken bones take place?              G08
Write down the mechanism of muscle contraction.             L11
What are joints? Give their types.                                            L12
Explain about exoskeleton in arthropods.                              L13





17 Control & Coordination

Multiple Choice Questions

Match diabetes insipidus with one of the following?           L10
A) Oxytocin     B) Vessopressin  C) Insulin            D) Glucagon
Kohler used Chimpanzee to prove:                                         L10
A) Habituation                              B) Imprinting
C) Latent Learning                       D) Insight Learning
The corpuscles situated quiet deep inside the body is:      G10
A) Meissner’s                                B) Pacinian’s
C) Nissle’s                                       D) White Blood Cells
The simplest form of learning is:                                             G10
A) Imprinting                                 B) Habituation
C) Insight Learning                       D) Latent Learning
The hormone secreted by mucosa of the pyloric region of the stomach is:            L11
A) Gastrin          B) Secretin        C) Estrogen    D) Progesterone
The type of learning involve diminution of response with repeated stimuli:           G11
A) Imprinting                                 B) Habituation
C) Latent Learning                       D) Insight Learning
Gastrin is hormone produced by:                                           G11
A) Adrenal         B) Pancrease     C) Gut                 D) Liver
_________ is applied to rubber plant to stimulate flow of latex.               L12
A) Abcisic Acid B) Gibberellin   C) Ethene           D) Auxin
Which one of the following produce in excess then leads abnormal development called acromegaly?            L12
A) TSH                B) ACTH              C) MSH               D) STH
Rodents respond to alarm calls by others in their group is an example of behavior:             L12
A) Imprinting                                 B) Habituation
C) Conditioning                             D) Latent learning
Nociceptors produce the sensation of:                                  G12
A) Touch            B) Warmth         C) Pressure       D) Pain
Vassopressin (Antidiuretic hormone) and oxytocin are:     G12
A) Proteins                                    B) Aminoacid and Derivatives
C) Polypeptides                                                        D) Steroids

Short Questions

Define circadian rhythms.                                                         G09
Define saltatoryimpulse and synapse.                                     L11
Define the term hormone. Give one example.                      L12
Differentiate between CNS and PNS.                                       L12
Differentiate between instinctive behavior and learning behavior.           G10
Discuss the role of two hormones produced by gut.           G12
Explain effectors with an example.                                         G12
Explain reflex arc.                                                                       L12
Give a detail account of synapse?                                           G12
Give effect of nicotine on blood vascular system and nervous system in man.       L11
Give similarities between nervous and chemical coordination.  G10
Give the role of oxytocin?                                                        G11
Give two similarities between nervous and chemical coordination.          G11
How axons differ from dendrons?                                           L10
Name a synthetic auxin used as a selective weed killer      G12
Name the two hormones of gut.                                               L10
What are androgens?                                                                G10
What are axons and dendrites?                                               L09
What are commercial applications of Gibberellin?               L11
What are functions of parathyroid glands?                           G12
What are the commercial applications of Ethene?      G08 G11
What are the effects of low and high concentration of parathormone?   L08
What are gastrin and secretin?                                                L13
Write symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.                                L13
What is epilepsy?                                                                L09 L12
What is imprinting?                                                     L10 L12 L08
What is meant by circadian rhythm?                                      G08
What is meant by resting membrane potential?                   G11
What is parasympathetic nervous system?                   G09 G08
What is Parkinson’s disease?                                                     L12
What results in biorhythms?                                                     L08
Write down the commercial applications of cytokinins.     G09

Long Questions

Comparethe nervous system of hydra and planaria.            L12
Describe the role of auxins.                                          L12a L12b
Describe the roles and commercial applications of gibberellins.               L10
Discuss pituitary as an endocrine gland.                                G10
Discuss the important factors which are involved in changing the resting membrane potential to active membrane potential.   L09 G11
Discuss the structural and functional applications of auxins. G09
How nerve impulse pass from one neuron to another neuron
                                                                                                       G10
Write brief note on conditioned reflex type I                       L11
Write detailed account of synapse.                                        G12





18 Reproduction

Multiple Choice Questions

The first convoluted part of vas deferense is called:           L10
A) Epididymis                                B) Penis
C) Scrotum                                    D) Sperm
When will you call embryo as fetus?                                       L10
A) After two months                    B) After three months
C) After four months                   D) After five months
When the sperms are in the tubules then protection and nourishment is provided by:       G10
A) Sertoli Cells                              B) Interstitial Cells
C) Epididymis                                D) Seminiferous Tubules
The ovary under the influence of FSH also produces a hormone i.e.:       G10
A) Progesteron                             B) Estrogen
C) Oxytocin                                   D) Corticosteroids
Which hormone in male stimulates interstitial cells of testis to secrete testosterone:          L11
A) TSH                B) FSH                 C) ICSH               D) LH
Corpus leuteum secretes a hormone called:                         L11
A) Estrogen                                   B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin                                   D) Testosterone
In human female the discharge of blood and cell debris called:                L11
A) Ovulation                                  B) Abortion
C) Menstruation                           D) Secretion
The duration of gestation period in human female is usually:
                                                                                                       G11
A) 250 days       B) 260 days       C) 270 days       D) 280 days
A light sensitive pigment is plant cell:                                     G11
A) Cytochrome                             B) Phytochrome
C) Photochrome                           D) Auxin
Ovaviviparityis shown by:                                                          L12
A) Reptile                                      B) Bird
C) Duck bill platypus                    D) Humans
Which one secretes liquid to protect and nourish sperm cells?                L12
A) Corpus leuteum                      B) Sertoli cells
C) Placenta                                    D) Epididymis
Which is not a stimulus to release oxytocin?                         L12
A) Distention of cervix
B) Decrease in progesterone level
C) Neural stimulus during parturition
D) High level of Calcium ions
Example of day neutral plant is:                                               L12
A) Tomato                                      B) Soya bean
C) Xanthium                                  D) Chrysanthemum
Corpus leuteum secrete a hormone called:                          L12
A) FSH                B) LH           C) Progesterone       D) Estrogen
Reptile and birds are:                                                                G12
A) Viviparous                                B) Oviparous
C) Ovaviviparous                          D) Marsupial
In nature P730 to P660 conversion occur in the:                G12
A) Day                B) Red Light       C) Dark               D) Dawn
Which of the following is not a stimulus to release oxytocin?
                                                                                                       L12
A) Distension of cervix
B) Decrease in progesterone level
C) Neural stimulus during parturition
D) High level of calcium ions

Short Questions

Define photoperiodism.                                                            G11
Define vernalisation.                                                                  L12
Differentiate between oviparous and viviparous animals.
                                                                                               L08 G09
Differentiate placenta from after birth.                                 G10
Explain apomixes.                                                                       G09
Explain menopause and after birth.                                         L12
Explain the disease genital herpes                                          G08
Explain the disease gonorrhoea.                                             G09
Give importance of photoperiodism in plants.                      L11
How estrous cycle differs from menstrual cycle?                 L11
How identical twins differ from fraternal twin?             L10 L13
How implantation differs from gestation?                              G10
How lactation differ from gestation?                                       L10
What are identical twins?                                                         G08
What are ovaviviparous? Give an example.                           L12
What are phytochromes?                                                         G12
What are spermatophytes?                                                      G10
What are test-tube babies?                                                       L09
What is climacteric? Also give its role.                                    L11
What is difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans?              G12
What is diplohaplontic life cycle in plants?                            L12
What is diploid parthenogenesis?                                   G11 L12
What is meant by cloning?                                                        L10
What is ovaviviparous condition?                                            L09
What is parthenocarpy and how it artificially introduced.  L11
What is parthenocarpy?                                                     L10 L11
What is the role of placenta in man?                                       L08
What is tissue culturing?                                                           G08
Name the types of plants on the basis of photoperiodism.
                                                                                                       L13
Write down at least two possible ways to prevent AIDS.     L13

Long Questions

Describe menstrual cycle in human female.                          L11
Describe sexually transmitted diseases.                                 L10
Describe the reproductive system of males.                 G11 L12
Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction and also describe the human female reproductive cycle.       G08
Discuss the effect of quality of light on photoperiodism.    G12
Discuss the process of birth in human female.                      L10
Explain the process of cloning. Discuss its advantages and issues.             G10
Give a comprehensive comparison between sexual and asexual reproduction.     L12
What are main functions of placenta during pregnancy?    L09


19 Growth & Development

Multiple Choice Questions

The larval epidermis is formed from:                                      L10
A) Clear Cytoplasm                      B) Yellow Cytoplasm
C) Gray Vegital Cytoplasm           D) Gray Equatorial Cytoplasm
In plants elongation of cells is favored by:                   G10, G12
A) Infrared Light                           B) Red Light
C) Blue Light                                  D) Ultraviolet light
Cleavage results in the formation of rounded closely packed mass of blastomeres called:  L11
A) Blastula         B) Morulla         C) Gastrula         D) Neurula
Somites are formed and organized by:                                   L12
A) Ectoderm      B) Mesoderm    C) Endoderm     D) Blastoderm

Short Questions

Define correlation and differentiation                                   G10
Define regeneration?                                                                 L11
Describe gastrulation in chick.                                                  L13
Define meristem. Give its types on the basis of position.    L13
Describe regeneration in planaria?                                        G09
Differentiate between growth and development.                L10
Differentiate between somatic and splanchnic mesoderm. L12
Explain embryonic development.                                            G08
Explain primary induction.                                                        G08
Give role of grey vegetal and grey equatorial cytoplasm.   L12
How aging can be slowed down?                                             G10
How area opaca differs from area pellucida?              G10, G12
How primitive streak is formed in chick embryo?                 L08
List some symptoms of aging.                                                   G11
What do you know about intercalary meristems?                G09
What is growth? Mention its types.                                         G12
What is open growth? Discuss.                                        L11, L12
What is primary organizer and inducer substance?      L09 L13
What is present goal of gerontology?                                     L10
What is the difference between inhibitory and compensatory effect?    L09
What role light plays in plant growth?                           G09, L09
Write about differentiation of cells.                                        L12

Long Questions

Describe the role of Abscisic acid and ethene in plant growth.  L13
Describe the role of auxins                                                       L12
What is aging? Explain this process.                                         L13





20 Chromosomes & DNA

Multiple Choice Questions

Which one of the following is stop signal during transcription? L10
A) CA                  B) GA                  C) GC                  D) TA
Phenylketonuria is well known example of:                          G10
A) Deletion                                    B) Inversion
C) Insertion                                   D) Point mutation
In 1882, Chromosomes were first observed by:                  G11
A) John Brown                              B) T.H. Morgan
C) Walther Fleming                      D) Walter Sutton
A gene start with initiation codon, which encodes the amino acid methionine:     L12
A) UAA               B) UAG               C) AUG               D) UGG
Supporting role in DNA replication process played by an enzyme called:                L12
A) RNA Polymerase
B) Amino acyl tRNAsynthetase
C) DNA polymerase III                 D) DNA polymerase I
Every 200 nucleotides the DNA duplex is coiled around the core of 8 histone proteins and forms a complex called:   G12
A) Polysome                                  B) Heterochromtin
C) Nucleosome                             D) Euchromatin

Short Questions

Compare telocentric and acrocentric chromosomes.         G11
Define chromosomal theory of inheritance.                          L10
Define nucleosome.                                                                   L12
Define transcription and how it is initiated.                           L10
What is transformation?                                                   L11, G11
Define transformation and write its role.                               L08
Differentiate between chromosomal aberrations and point mutation.     L10
Differentiate between heterochromatin and euchromatin. G11
Differentiate between transcription and translation.          G10
Enlist different shapes of chromosomes.                                L12
Enlist non-sense codons and their functions.                        L12
Give length of Okazaki fragments.                                            L12
How do histones and DNA interact with each other in chromosomes?     G10
Mention types of chromosomes with reference to centromere position.               G12
What are constituents of purines?                                          L12
What are mutagens? Give an example                                   G10
What are Okazaki fragments?                                                   L09
What is phosphodiester bond?                                                G09
What is point mutation? Give example.                                  L12
What is RNA primer? What role does it play in DNA replication?               G09
What is semi-conservative replication?                          L08 L09
What is transcription bubble and how it is formed?            G12
Why histones are positively charged?                                    G09
Why is Erwin Chargaff famous?                                                G12
What is phosphodiesterlinkage? Draw its structure.            L13
Differentiate between chromosomal aberration and point mutation.       L13

Long Question

Describe the work of Beadle and Tatum on neurospora.    G09
Explain how DNA encodes protein structure?                       L10
Explain one gene one polypeptide hypothesis considering work of Beadle and Tatum.        L12
What is transcription? How it occurs?                           L10, G11
Write a note on mutation.                                                        G12
Write about Meselson and Stahl experiment to show semi-conservative replication of DNA.             L11, L12
Write process of replication of DNA.                            G08, G10
Describe Watson and Crick model of DNA in detail.             L13





21 Cell Cycle

Multiple Choice Questions

Which one is absent in animal cell:                                         L10
A) Spindle                                      B) Centriole
C) Chromatids                               D) Pharagmoplast
The syndrome having trisomy of chromosome No. 18 is:   G10
A) Down’s          B) Patau’s           C) Edward          D) Jacob’s
The spindle fibers are composed of RNA and protein called:
                                                                                                       G11
A) Insulin           B) Tubulin          C) Actin              D) Myosin
Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome have sex chromosomes as following:           L12
A) XO                  B) XXO                C) XXY                 D) XXXY
Synapsis starts during:                                                                L12
A) Leptotene    B) Zygotene       C) Pachytene    D) Diplotene
The condensation of chromosomes reaches to its maximum at:                L11
A) Leptotene    B) zygotene       C) Pachytene    D) Diakinesis
The autosomal non-disjunction in man in which 21st pair of chromosome fails to segregate, resulting in gamete with 24 Chromosome is called:                                                                                           G12
A) Down syndrome                      B) Turner Syndrome
C) Klinefelter Syndrome             D) Jacob’s Syndrome

Short Questions

Cancer is an uncontrolled cell division. Explain.                    L11
Define cell cycle. Draw eukaryotic cell cycle                        G12
DefineKinetochore.                                                                    L08
Describe changes in G1 phase.                                                 L11
Differentiate between apoptosis and necrosis.                     L09
Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes. G11
Differentiate between interphase and mitotic phase.         L12
Explain chromosomal non-disjunction.                         G08, G11
Explain cytokinesis in plant.                                                       L10
Explain necrosis.                                                                G10, G11
How can you identify cancer cells?                                         G09
How does prophase of meiosis I differ from mitosis?           L09
Is interphase a resting phase? Why?                                      G09
Sketch and label cell cycle.                                                       L10
What are symptoms of turner syndrome?                             G09
What do you know about metastasis?                                    G08
What is a mitotic apparatus?                                                    G08
What is importance of bivalent formation?                            L12
What is metastasis?                                                            G10 L09
What is metastasis? Give its importance.                                L13
What happens during metaphase I?                                        L13
How Turner’s syndrome is caused? Give its features.          L13
What is Mongolism?                                                                   L08

Long Questions

Write a note on interphase.                                                      L08
Describe interphase of cell cycle.
Write an essay on the importance of mitosis.                        L09
Describe prophase I of meiosis in detail.                       G10, L11
Give an account of programmed cell death and its importance in multicellular organisms.  G11
Write about necrosis and apoptosis.                                       L12
Write a note on cancer.                                                            G12





22 Variation & Genetics

Multiple Choice Questions

Locus is a:                                                                                     L10
A) Part of DNA                              B) Position of gene
C) Partner of gene                       D) Complement of gene
A genome is a full set of genes of:                                  G10, L11
A) a cell                                          B) a tissue
C) an individual                             D) a population
Full set of genes of an individual is called ______                L11
A) gene pool     B) Genome        C) Phenotype    D) Genotype
The genic system of determination of sex is present in:     G10
A) Ginko                                         B) Yeast
C) Drosophila                                D) Protenor bug
The individual which are universal recipients have blood group:              L11
A) A                    B) B                     C) AB                  D) O
ABO blood group system was first discovered in 1901 by: G11
A) Punnet                                      B) Wiener
C) Bernstein                                  D) Landsteiner
Bobbed gene in Drosophila is present in:                              L12
A) X Chromosome                        B) Y Chromosome
C) Both on X and Y                       D) Autosome
Novel phenotype of 4’O clock plant flower is an example of:
                                                                                                       L12
A) Complete Dominance            B) Incomplete Dominance
C) Co dominance                          D) Over Dominance
The blood serum containing antibodies is called:                G12
A) Antigen                                     B) Immunoglobulin
C) Plasma                                       D) Antisera

Short Questions

Compare between epistasis and pleiotropy.                          L10
What is pleiotropy? Give examples.                                        L13
Compare sex limited and sex influence traits.                      G10
Define co-dominance.                                                                L08
Define crossing over.                                                                  L08
Define epistasis.                                                                          L08
Define Mendel’s Law of independent Assortment.    G10, G12
Define linkage group. Give examples.                                     L12
What are linkage groups? Give their number in human beings. L13
What are sex chromosomes? Give example.                         L13
Define recombination frequency. Give its importance.       L12
Define sex-influenced trait.                                               L08 L09
Differentiate between dominance and epistasis.                  L12
Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.        G08
Differentiate between homozygous and hemizygous.         G08
Differentiate between homozygous and heterozygous.
                                                                                              L10, G11
Differentiate between incomplete dominance and co-dominance.          G09, L12
Differentiate between phenotype and genotype.               G12
Discuss over dominance.                                                          G11
How can ABO-incompatibility protect the baby against Rh-incompatibility?            G09, L12
The value of parental combinations of two linked gene A|B and a|b is 40, 40 and of recombinant genes A|b and a|B is 10, 10 respectively. Find recombination frequency.                                                L10
What are polygenic traits?                                                        G09
What is erythroblastosis?                                                          G08
What is gene pool?                                                                     L08
What is MODY? Write its causes.                              G08L08 G12
What is product rule?                                                                L08
What is sickle cell anemia?                                                        L09
What is SRY gene?                                                                      G08
What is test cross? Give its importance.               L11, G11, L12
What is test cross?                                                      L08, L09 L11

Long Questions

Describe Mendel’s law of Segregation with the help of an example.         G09 L10 L11
Discuss genetics of ABO blood group system.                       L12
Discuss Mendel’s law of independent assortment.              G11
What are polygenes? Explain polygenic inheritance with examples.         G08
What is incomplete dominance? Explain with example.      L12
Write a note on co-dominance with examples.                    G12
Write an important note on multiple alleles.                         L09
What is epistasis? Explain it on the basis of Bombay Phenotype.                L13





23 Biotechnology

Multiple Choice Questions

The first restriction enzyme was isolated by:                         L10
A) Kary Mullis   B) Hamilton       C) Sanger           D) Maxum
The enzyme luciferase produce by an insect called:           G11
A) Housefly       B) Firefly            C) Butterfly        D) Tsetse fly
Polyhydroxy butyrate is called:                                                L12
A) Antithrombin III                       B) Neutra sweet
C) Biodegradable plastic             D) Luciferin
A balloon catheter is used in the treatment of:                    L12
A) SCID                                           B) Hypercholesteromia
C) Cystic fibrosis                           D) Closed Artery
Commonly used restriction enzyme is:                                  G12
A) Plasmid         B) pSC101          C) pBR322         D) ECO R1

Short Questions

Define protoplast.                                                                      G08
Describe the patterns of sex determination.                         L10
Differentiate between ex-vivo and in-vivo gene therapy.   L10
Discuss the role of prob.                                                           G10
Explain the importance of gene sequencing.                         L10
Give three possible ways to get gene of interest.                 L12
What are palindromic sequences?                                         G09
What are possible benefits of human genome project?     G09
What are restriction enzymes?                L08 G08 L09 G10 L11
Explain transgenic organisms.                                                  G10
What are transgenic animals?                                          L08, L09
What are transgenic plants?                                                     L11
What does the abbreviation SCID stand for?                         G11
What is meant by totipotent?                                                   G11
What are molecular carriers (vectors)? Give examples.
                                                                                              L12, G12
Mention the role of lambda phage in recombinant DNA technology.        L13
What is role of suicide gene in transgenic bacteria?            L13
What is biodegradable plastic? Give its origin.                      L13

Long Questions

Write a short note on tissue culture and cloning.                 L13





24 Evolution

Multiple Choice Questions

The main reason for extinction of species is:                        L10
A) Population                                B) Over production
C) Habitat Destruction                 D) Parasitism
In a population that is in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium, 16% individuals show the recessive trait.What is the frequency of the dominant allele in the population?                                                                      G10
A) 0.48               B) 0.36               C) 0.84               D) 0.4
Wallace developed the theory of natural selection essentially identical to:            L11
A) Lamarck        B) Linnaeus       C) Darwin           D) Hutton
According to endosymbiont hypothesis the aerobic bacteria is developed into:   G11
A) Ribosomes                                B) Lysosomes
C) Mitochondria                           D) Golgi apparatus
Essay on the principle of population was published by:      L12
A) Darwin          B) Wallace         C) Linnaeus       D) Malthus
Endosymbiont hypothesis was supported by:                        L12
A) Cuvier           B) Lyell               C) Margulis        D) Malthus
Armadillos the Armored mammals live only in:                    G12
A) Europe          B) America        C) Australia        D) Asia

Short Questions

Briefly explain Hardy Weinberg theorem.                             G10
Define Hardy Weinberg Theorem. Give its equation in the form of binomial expansion.      L13
Define evolution.                                                                        G11
Define genetic drift.                                             G08L10L11, L12
Define Hardy Weinberg Theorem.                                          L08
Define homologous organs with examples.                  G09, L12
Describe the evidences of evolution from Biogeography and fossil records           L08
Differentiate between homologous organs and analogous organs.           L11, G12
Give the concept of fixed alleles.                                             L12
Give two measures to protect endangered species.           G09
How biogeography provides evidence of evolution.            L12
Name any four species declared extinct in Pakistan.           G12
What are vestigial organs give two examples.                       L09
What are vestigial organs? Give example.                     L10, L12
What do you mean by endosymbiont hypothesis?
                                                                             G08, G09, L09G12
What is difference between predator and prey?                 L10
What is function of Eustachian tube?                                      L10
What is Neo-Darwinism?                                                  G11, L12
Why Galapagos Islands are famous?                                       G10
Write a brief note on secondary succession.                        L12
Enlist the four factors affecting gene frequency.                  L13
Write names of theories of evolution presented by Lamarck and Darwin.              L11

Long Questions

Describe different ideas on evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes   G10, L11, G11, L12
Discuss the hardy Weinberg theorem.                                   G12
Explain theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.  L10
Write different factors affecting genetic frequency.           L12





25 Ecology

Multiple Choice Questions

An association between fungus and algae is an example of: _____          G10
A) Parasitism                                 B) Mycorrhiza
C) Lichens                                      D) Commensalisms
The green photosynthetic plants which capture and bring light energy into ecosystem are:               L11
A) Scavengers                               B) Decomposers
C) Consumers                               D) Producers
A change in community structure of an ecosystem over a period of time is called:               G12
A) Niche                                         B) Unstable ecosystem
C) Succession                                D) Pioneer
Who proposed the term Niche?                                              L12
A) Haeckel         B) Grinnell         C) Linnaeus       D) Lamarck
In ecosystem, second trophic level consists of _____        G11
A) Producers                                B) Primary Consumers
C) Secondary Consumers           D) Tertiary Consumers

Short Questions

Define a habitat.                                                                         G08
Define autecology with the help of an example.                  G12
Define autecology.                                                                     G09
Define biogeochemical cycle.                                                   L12
Define food chain with examples.                                            L12
Define food web.                                                                        G11
Define grazing.                                                                             L08
Define parasitism and give its significance.                            L12
Define synecology.                                                                      L08
Differentiate between autecology and synecology.      L11 L13
Differentiate between food chain and food web.
                                                                            L10 G08, G09, G10
Differentiate between habitat and niche.                              L12
Differentiate between hydrosere and xerosere.         L09 G11
Differentiate between lichens and mychrrhiza.                   G12
Explain the biotic components of ecosystem.                        L12
Give the significance of predation.                                          L12
What are lichens and mycorrhizae?                                       G12
What are lichens?                                                                       L08
What is biosphere?                                                                    G11
What is commensalism? Give example.                                  L13
What is grazing? How grazers affect the texture of the soil?
                                                                                                       L10
What is mychorrhiza?                                                         L09 L11
What is niche?                                                                             L11
Write about decomposers.                                                       G12
Write brief note on secondary succession.                           L12
Write significance of root nodules bacteria in plants.         G10

Long Questions

Define succession and describe succession on land.           L08
Describe Nitrogen Cycle in detail (with figure).
.                                                                           L11, G11, L12, G12
Define xerosere. Describe its stages.                                     G09
Explain the biotic components of ecosystem.                        L11





26 Some Major Ecosystems

Multiple Choice Questions

The plants in deserts:                                                                 L10
A) Remain Ever Green                B) Short Rooted
C) Conserve Water                      D) Broad Leaves
Savannas are grassland in:                                                        G10
A) Temprate Region                     B) Tropical Region
C) Arctic Region                           D) Alpine Region
The zone where enough light penetrates to support photosynthesis:      L11
A) Littoral          B) Limnetic        C) Profundel     D) Benthic
Limnetic phytoplankton includes the:                                    G11
A) Bacteria                                    B) Algae
C) Mosses                                      D) Cyanobacteria
Crustaceans with a spiny projection on these planktonic creatures help to keep them from sinking:                L12
A) Porpoise       B) Whale            C) Copepod       D) Bobcat
A succulent plant has water stored in tissues:                       L12
A) Cacti              B) Moss              C) Yarrow           D) Spruce
Chillas has major terrestrial ecosystem called:                      L12
A) Deciduous forests                   B) Alpine forests
C) Tundra                                       D) Grassland
In Sindh the desert ecosystem is called:                                G12
A) Thal                B) Sahara           C) Thar               D) Cholistan

Short Questions

Characterize littoral zone of freshwater lakes.                      L13
Compare zooplankton with phytoplankton.                           L11
Define planktons. Give its types.                                              G11
Define temperate deciduous forests. Mention various such forests in Pakistan.    G12
Define the productivity of an ecosystem                                L08
Describe animal life of grassland ecosystem.                         L12
Differentiate between Zooplankton.                                       L08
Discuss animal life of temperate deciduous forests.            L12
What are alpines and boreal forests?                            G09, L09
What are alpines?                                                                      G08
What are phytoplanktones? Give examples.                         G12
What are renewable and non-renewable resources? Give examples.      G11
What are renewable resources?                                             L13
What is climate?                                                                          L09
What is composition of air in terrestrial ecosystem?           L12
What is difference between climate and weather?            L11
What is effect of human impact on desert ecosystem? L10 L13
What type of animals present in littoral zones?                    G10
Write names of different zones of fresh water lake.  G08, G09
Write two adaptations for terrestrial ecosystem shown by living organisms.           L10 L12

Long Questions

Give an account of desert ecosystem.                  L08, L09, G10
Write a note on tundra ecosystem.                                         L13





27 Man and His Environment

Multiple Choice Questions

Which is not a micronutrient?                                                  L10
A) Zinc                B) Iron                C) Sulphur         D) Iodine
The percentage of land under cultivation:                             L10
A) 30%               B) 21%                C) 11%                D) 15%
Lung cancer is due to:                                                               G10
A) CFCs                                           B) Sulfur dioxide
C) Oxides of Nitrogen                  D) Carbon Monooxide
Ozone molecule is formed by the fusion of three atoms of:
                                                                                                       L11
A) Carbon          B) Hydrogen      C) Nitrogen        D) Oxygen
Only 30% of Earth is:                                                                  G11
A) Land                                          B) Freshwater
C) Marine Water                          D) Mountains
It is not fossilized fuel:                                                                L12
A) Lignite           B) Peat               C) Natural gas    D) Oil
Which one is involved in destruction of ozone molecules in ozone layer?              L12
A) Sulphur                                     B) Lead
C) Carbon monoxide                   D) Chloride
Stone monuments like TAJ MEHAL are being eroded due to “stone cancer” by _____________:    G12
A) Acid Rain                                  B) Green House effect
C) Eutrophication                         D) Radiation

Short Questions

Define greenhouse effect.                                                L12 L08
Differentiate between health and disease.                    L12 G11
Define pollution.                                                                         L09
Define soil. What are its basic constituents?                          L11
Define soil.                                                                                   G08
Describe abuses of land.                                                            L12
Differentiate between deforestation and afforestation.     L10
Give importance of solid wastes.                                              L12
Give the importance of Ozone layer.                                      G12
Give main causes of water pollution.                                       L12
Mention any four ways in which we can save energy.         G12
What are renewable and non-renewable resources?
                                                                                              G09 G12
What are the effects of ozone depletion on life?         L12 G12
What is acid rain?                                                                        L13
What are two effects of acid rain?                                          G11
What do you mean by effluents                                              G08
What is algal bloom?                                                                   L09
What is composition of air of pretrial ecosystem?                L12
What is stone cancer? Give its cause.                                     G10
Why forests are called environmental buffers?          G09, G10
Write names of various types of pollution.                            L11
Write the effect of bacteria in eutrophic lakes.                   G10
Write the reasons for world population explosion.              L10
Write two causes of greenhouse effect.                                G11

Long Questions

Briefly explain wildlife and fossil fuels.                                   G11
Describe ozone layer depletion.                                             G12
Discuss fossil fuels as exhaustible source of energy            G10
Give uses and misuses of agrochemicals.                               L12
Write a note on greenhouse effects.                             G09, L11
Write a note on ozone layer depletion.                                  L12
Explain deforestation and afforestation.                                 L13






4 comments:

  1. there is no any mcqs in detail. ao less quantity . please provide us more and more .thanks

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    Replies
    1. please give answer keys it is must

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